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Overview

  • Product nameAndrogen Receptor ELISA Kit
  • Tests
    1 x 96 well plate
  • Sample type
    Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts
  • Assay typeSandwich
  • Sensitivity
    > 600 ng/well
  • Range
    600 ng/well - 10000 ng/well
  • Assay time
    4h 00m
  • Species reactivity
    Reacts with: Dog, Human
  • Product overview

    Androgen Receptor (AR) belongs to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of structurally related ligand-inducible transcription factors. NRs act in combination with other transcription factors to regulate the expression of gene networks involved in cell growth and development, apoptosis, homeostasis, inflammation, lipid metabolism, the reproductive cycle and other fundamental biological processes. AR expression plays an important role in the proliferation of human prostate cancer and also confers a better prognosis in breast cancer. Because of AR’s critical role in cell biology, it is important to measure the total amounts of AR contained in different cell types and tissues. Traditional methods for monitoring AR protein levels, such as Western blotting, EMSA, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reporter gene assays, are time consuming and not suitable to high-throughput applications.

    Abcam’s Androgen Receptor ELISA kit simplifies the measurement of AR contained in cell and tissue samples by using the “Sandwich ELISA” method for detecting a protein. This method uses two antibodies that each recognize a distinct epitope on the protein of interest. The kit provides an ELISA plate that is coated with the first antibody, called the Capture Antibody, which is used to capture the protein from the sample. The second antibody, called the Detecting Antibody, is used to detect the protein bound by the Capture Antibody. An HRP-conjugated Secondary Antibody is then used to quantitate the amount of bound Detecting Antibody. Subsequent incubation with developing solution provides an easily quantified colorimetric readout.

  • Tested applicationsSandwich ELISA more details

Properties

  • FunctionSteroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3.
  • Tissue specificityIsoform 2 is mainly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle.
  • Involvement in diseaseDefects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) [MIM:300068]; previously known as testicular feminization syndrome (TFM). AIS is an X-linked recessive form of pseudohermaphroditism due end-organ resistance to androgen. Affected males have female external genitalia, female breast development, blind vagina, absent uterus and female adnexa, and abdominal or inguinal testes, despite a normal 46,XY karyotype.
    Defects in AR are the cause of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy X-linked type 1 (SMAX1) [MIM:313200]; also known as Kennedy disease. SMAX1 is an X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. Spinal muscular atrophy refers to a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy. SMAX1 occurs only in men. Age at onset is usually in the third to fifth decade of life, but earlier involvement has been reported. It is characterized by slowly progressive limb and bulbar muscle weakness with fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and gynecomastia. The disorder is clinically similar to classic forms of autosomal spinal muscular atrophy. Note=Caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion. In SMAX1 patients the number of Gln ranges from 38 to 62. Longer expansions result in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations of the disease.
    Note=Defects in AR may play a role in metastatic prostate cancer. The mutated receptor stimulates prostate growth and metastases development despite of androgen ablation. This treatment can reduce primary and metastatic lesions probably by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells when they express the wild-type receptor.
    Defects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome partial (PAIS) [MIM:312300]; also known as Reifenstein syndrome. PAIS is characterized by hypospadias, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, genital ambiguity, normal XY karyotype, and a pedigree pattern consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance. Some patients present azoospermia or severe oligospermia without other clinical manifestations.
  • Sequence similaritiesBelongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.
    Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.
  • DomainComposed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. In the presence of bound steroid the ligand-binding domain interacts with the N-terminal modulating domain, and thereby activates AR transcription factor activity. Agonist binding is required for dimerization and binding to target DNA. The transcription factor activity of the complex formed by ligand-activated AR and DNA is modulated by interactions with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Interaction with RANBP9 is mediated by both the N-terminal domain and the DNA-binding domain. Interaction with EFCAB6/DJBP is mediated by the DNA-binding domain.
  • Post-translational
    modifications    Sumoylated on Lys-386 (major) and Lys-520. Ubiquitinated. Deubiquitinated by USP26. 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-27'-linked polyubiquitination by RNF6 modulates AR transcriptional activity and specificity.
    Phosphorylated in prostate cancer cells in response to several growth factors including EGF. Phosphorylation is induced by c-Src kinase (CSK). Tyr-534 is one of the major phosphorylation sites and an increase in phosphorylation and Src kinase activity is associated with prostate cancer progression. Phosphorylation by TNK2 enhances the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity and may be responsible for androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer.
  • Cellular localizationNucleus. Cytoplasm. Predominantly cytoplasmic in unliganded form but translocates to the nucleus upon ligand-binding. Can also translocate to the nucleus in unliganded form in the presence of GNB2L1.

    • Target information above from: UniProt accession P10275 The UniProt Consortium
    The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) .

    Information by UniProt
    • Alternative names
        AISANDR_HUMANAndrogen receptor
        ARDHTRDihydrotestosterone receptorHUMARAHYSP1KDNR3C4Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4SBMASMAX1TFM
      see all
  • Database links

      • Applications

      Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab128498 in the following tested applications.

      The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

      Application Notes
      Sandwich ELISA sELISA

      Androgen Receptor ELISA Kit images

      • Sandwich ELISA - Androgen Receptor ELISA Kit (ab128498)
        Sandwich ELISA - Androgen Receptor ELISA Kit (ab128498)
        Monitoring protein expression levels of Androgen Receptor using ab128498.
        Different amounts of nuclear extracts from three Human prostate cancer cell lines: LnCaP, PC-3 and DU145 were analyzed for levels of Androgen Receptor protein. This data is provided for demonstration only.

      Protocols

      References for Androgen Receptor ELISA Kit (ab128498)

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      I have some questions relating to your anti-androgen receptor antibody, AR441-biotin. Will this antibody work as a detection antibody in an ELISA? Do you have an antibody which can be adsorbed onto plastic as a capture antibody in an ELISA? Thank you very...

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      Thank you very much for your interest in our antibodies.

      To our knowledge, ab79447 has not been tested in ELISA. We also do not have an antibody that was tested to be a capture antibody in sandwich ELISA for Androgen Receptoryet.

      Sinc...

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      Do you have any scientific reports covering your Phospho-ELISA tracker systems for either of the NFkappaB, p38, ERK, JNK analytes (phosphorylated and total pairs)?

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