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CD3 epsilon is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors and is comprised of five invariable chains (designated as gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta and eta) ranging in size from 16-28 kDa. CD3 epsilon is closely associated with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), and is present on thymocytes, CD8+ and CD4+ positive cells. The CD3 epsilon complex mediates signal transduction. It plays a major role in signaling during antigen recognition, leading to T cell activation. The TCR/CD3E complex of T lymphocytes consists of either a TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta heterodimer coexpressed at the cell surface with the invariant subunits of CD3 labeled gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta. CD3 epsilon is expressed on all T cells of all mouse strains.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genomic region or gene family found in most vertebrates containing many genes with important immune system roles. In humans, the MHC spans almost 4 megabases of chromosome 6 and includes more than 200 known genes, of which about half have known immmunological functions. The best known genes in the MHC region are the subset that encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins. In humans, these genes are referred to as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. The most intensely studied HLA genes are: HLA A, HLA B, HLA C, HLA DPA, HLA DPB1, HLA DQA1, HLA DQB1, HLA DRA, and HLA DRB1. In humans, the HLA is divided into three regions: Class I, II, and III. The A, B, and C genes belong to HLA class I while the six D genes belong to class II.
CD3: Human T-cell associated antigen (Mw = 22-28kDa) is part of a structure containing at least five subunits which are non-covalently associated with either TCR alpha/beta or TCR gamma/delta. It is present on 68-82% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 65-85% of thymocytes and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. This antigen is never expressed on B or NK cells.
HLA-DR (human Class II histocompatibility antigen): This antigen (MW = 28-43kDa) is present on antigen-presenting-cells (APC), B cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and macrophages. It is also expressed on activated T cells, but not on granulocytes, platelets or red blood cells. Resting T-cells or endothelial cells can be induced to express HLA-DR antigens.
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