GAD65 antibody [GAD-6] - Neuronal Marker (ab26113)

Product Name 

GAD65 antibody [GAD-6] - Neuronal Marker

Product type 

Primary antibodies

Description 

Mouse monoclonal [GAD-6] to GAD65 - Neuronal Marker

Immunogen 

Full length protein (Rat)

Reacts with 
(species key)

Mamm

Specificity 

The GAD-6 monoclonal antibody ab26113 recognizes only GAD65 and has no cross reactivity with GAD67 on western blots of mouse brain or purified recombinant GAD67 and GAD65. ab26113 recognizes GAD65 primarily in nerve terminals in immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections (Kaufman et al, 1991).

Epitope 

ab26113 recognizes an epitope near the C-terminus of GAD65

Tested applications 
(see key)

IHC (PFA fixed), IHC-Fr, WB

Abreviews 

Customer reviews (see key)

Read about Abreviews

Application notes 
(see key)

Recommended dilutions
IHC-Fr: 1/1000 - 1/5000.
Immunohistochemistry (PFA fixed): 1/1000 - 1/5000.
WB: 1/1000 - 1/5000. Detects a band of approximately 65 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 65 kDa).

Not yet tested in other applications.
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

Positive control 
(see definition)

mouse brain

Cellular localization 

Cytoplasmic

Research areas 

Neuroscience >> Neurology process >> Metabolism
Neuroscience >> Neurotransmitter >> Amino Acids >> Glutamate

Relevance 

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of L glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and a putative paracrine signal molecule in pancreatic islets. GAD has a restricted tissue distribution. It is highly expressed in the cytoplasm of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreatic beta cells. It is also present in other non-neuronal tissues such as testis, oviduct and ovary. GAD is also transiently expressed in non-GABAergic cells of the embryonic and adult nervous system, suggesting its involvement in development and plasticity.

GAD exists as two isoforms, GAD65 and GAD67 (molecular masses of 65 and 67 kD, respectively) that are encoded by two different genes. GAD65 is an ampiphilic, membraneanchored protein, (585 amino acid residues) and is encoded on human chromosome 10. GAD67 is a cytoplasmic protein (594 amino acid residues) and is encoded on chromosome 2. There is 64% amino acid identity between the two isoforms, with the highest diversity located at the N terminus, which in GAD65 is required for targeting the enzyme to GABA-containing secretory vesicles. The two isoforms appear to have distinct intraneuronal distribution in the brain. GAD65 has been identified as an autoantigen in insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and stiff-man syndrome (SMS), IDDM is an autoimmune disease that results from T cell mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting beta cells. Islet-reactive T cells and antibodies primarily to GAD65 (also named beta cell autoantigen) can be detected in peripheral blood of 80% of recent-onset IDD patients and in pre-diabetic high-risk subjects before onset of clinical symptoms. This suggests that GAD may be an important marker in the early stages of the disease. Also, autoantibodies to GAD65 and GAD67 are detected in animal models of IDDM, including the non-obese diabetes (NOD) mouse. In the NOD mouse, T cell reactivity is initially restricted to the C terminal regions of GAD65, but later spreads to other parts of GAD65. Stiff-man syndrome (SMS), a rare disorder of the CNS, is characterized by progressive rigidity of the body musculature with painful spasms, due to impairment of the GABAergic neurotransmission.

High-titer autoantibodies directed against GAD 65 and GABAergic neurons (nerve terminals) have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 60% of patients with the syndrome. Strikingly, many of the SMS patients also developed late-onset IDDM.

Raised in 

Mouse

Clonality 

Monoclonal

Clone number 

GAD-6

Isotype 

IgG2a

Purity 

IgG fraction

Storage buffer 

Preservative: 0.1% Sodium Azide
Constituents: 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

Material safety datasheet (MSDS) for this product:
Sodium Azide MSDS

Form 

Liquid

Concentration 

1.000 mg/ml

Storage instructions 

Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.

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References for GAD65 antibody [GAD-6] - Neuronal Marker (ab26113)

  This product has been used in: (two most recent references)

Chan O et al. Increased GABAergic tone in the ventromedial hypothalamus contributes to suppression of counterregulatory responses after antecedent hypoglycemia. Diabetes 57:1363-70 (2008). WB; Rat. PubMed: 18375441

Martin DL & Barke KE Are GAD65 and GAD67 associated with specific pools of GABA in brain? Perspect Dev Neurobiol 5:119-29 (1998). PubMed: 9777630

See all 6 publication references for this product.


If you publish research using ab26113 please let us know so that we can cite the reference on this datasheet.

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