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Western blot - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
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Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
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Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
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Product Name
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PADI2 / PAD2 antibody
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See all PADI2 / PAD2 antibodies (4)...
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Product type
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Primary antibodies
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Description
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Rabbit polyclonal to PADI2 / PAD2
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Immunogen
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Synthetic peptide conjugated to KLH derived from within residues 100 - 200 of Human PADI2 / PAD2.
(Peptide available as ab17091.)
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Reacts with
(species key)
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Hu, Rat
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Specificity
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ab16478 recognises a specific 43kDa band corresponding to PADI2, which is specifically blocked using the immunizing peptide in human colon, skeletal muscle and kidney lysates. There is a non-specific 18kDa band present in skeletal muscle lysates, which is attributed to cross-reactivity of the PADI2 antibody
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Tested applications
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ELISA, Flow Cyt, ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB
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Abreviews
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Application notes
(see key)
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Recommended dilutions
ELISA: Use at an assay dependent dilution (PMID 19085382).
ICC/IF: Use at a concentration of 5 µg/ml.
Flow Cyt: 1/10.
IHC-P: 1/100. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
WB: Use at a concentration of 1 µg/ml. Detects a band of approximately 43 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 45 kDa). Can be blocked with PADI2 / PAD2 peptide (ab17091).
Not yet tested in other applications.
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
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Cellular localization
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Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
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Research areas
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Chromatin and Nuclear Signaling >> Chromatin Modifying Enzymes >> Methylation >> Arginine Deimination
Chromatin and Nuclear Signaling >> Chromatin Modifying Enzymes >> Arginine Deiminases
Signal Transduction >> Metabolism >> Amino Acids
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Relevance
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PADI2 / PAD2 is a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase family of enzymes, which catalyze the post translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines in the presence of calcium ions. Each family member has a distinct substrate specificity and tissue expression pattern. The type II enzyme is the most widely expressed family member. Known substrates for this enzyme include myelin basic protein in the central nervous system and vimentin in skeletal muscle and macrophages. This enzyme is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimers disease and multiple sclerosis, and it has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Database links
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The links below go to external sites and will open in a new browser window |
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Raised in
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Rabbit
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Clonality
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Polyclonal
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Isotype
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IgG
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Purity
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Immunogen affinity purified
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Storage buffer
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Preservative: 0.02% Sodium Azide
Constituents: 1% BSA, PBS, pH 7.4 Material safety datasheet (MSDS) for this product:
Sodium Azide MSDS
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Form
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Liquid
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Concentration
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0.500 mg/ml
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Storage instructions
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Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.
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At Abcam, we have one centralized database to hold all of our product information, so that everything we know about this PADI2 / PAD2 antibody is on this datasheet. But please do contact us if you would like any reassurance! |
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See below for PADI2 / PAD2 antibody images, references, products related to ab16478 and other tools.
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PADI2 / PAD2 antibody images:
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 Western blot - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
All lanes : PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478) at 1 µg/ml
Lane 1 : Human Kidney Lysate
Lane 2 : Human Kidney Lysate with PADI2 / PAD2 peptide (ab17091) at 1 µg/ml
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg per lane.
Predicted band size : 45 kDa
Observed band size : 43 kDa (why is the actual band size different from the predicted?)
ab16478 recognises a specific band at 43kDa corresponding to PADI2, which is specifically blocked using the immunizing peptide (ab17091).
The length of PADI2 is currently uncertain. According to Strausberg et al. (2002) [PMID: 12477932] it is 437aa in length (~45kDa). However, according to Ishigami et al. (2002) [PMID: 12392711] PADI2 is 665aa (~75kDa).
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Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
Image courtesy of Human Protein Atlas
ab16478 staining PADI2 in female rectum, showing a distinct and strong staining pattern in glandular cells. Paraffin embedded human skin tissue was incubated with ab16478 (1/100 dilution) for 30 mins at room temperature. Antigen retrieval was performed by heat induction in citrate buffer pH 6.
ab16478 was tested in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing a wide range of normal and cancer tissues as well as a cell microarray consisting of a range of commonly used, well characterised human cell lines. Further results for this antibody can be found at www.proteinatlas.org .
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Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
ICC/IF image of ab16478 stained human Hek293 cells. The cells were PFA fixed (10 min), permabilised in 0.1% PBS-Tween (20 min) and incubated with the antibody (ab16478, 5µg/ml) for 1h at room temperature. 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine was used to block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).
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Flow Cytometry - PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
ab16478 staining human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cultured with M-CSF) by Flow Cytometery. Cells were treated with flow cytometery staining buffer (PBS 0.1% sodium azide 1% BSA) and gating was done on myeloid cells. The primary antibody was diluted 1/10 (PBS 0.1% sodium azide 1% BSA) and incubated with sample for 20 minutes at 25°C. An Alexa Fluor® conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG was used undiluted as secondary. This image is courtesy of an Abreview submitted by Dr Frances Santiago-Schwarz
See Abreview
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References for PADI2 / PAD2 antibody (ab16478)
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This product has been used in:
Algeciras ME et al. Mechanical stretching elevates peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 expression in astrocytes. Curr Eye Res 33:994-1001 (2008). ELISA; Rat. PubMed: 19085382
If you publish research using ab16478 please let us know so that we can cite the reference on this datasheet.
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Search PubMed (MEDLINE) for references to PADI2 / PAD2
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PADI2 / PAD2 antibody - more information
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PADI2 / PAD2 antibody - related products:
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PADI2 / PAD2 antibody - other tools:
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Contact Abcam with a Technical Enquiry about PADI2 / PAD2 antibody |
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