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Overview

  • Product nameVLDL protein (Human)See all VLDL proteins and peptides ...
  • Protein descriptionFull length native Human VLDL purified from Human plasma; MWt 10-80000 kDa (UniProt P02649).
  • Expression hostNative

    • Properties

  • Purity> 95 % by SDS-PAGE
  • Purification notesPurity: single arc by IEP against antisera to whole human serum. Essentially free of other plasma lipoproteins as determined by electrophoresis using Fat Red 7B stain for lipids and Coomassie Blue for proteins. >=95% of total lipoprotein content by electrophoresis.
  • FormLiquid
  • Storage instructionsStore at +4°C in the dark. Do not freeze.
  • Storage bufferPreservative: None
    Constituents: 0.01% EDTA, 150mM Sodium chloride, pH 7.4
  • Concentration information loading...
  • Additional notesPrepared from fresh, non-frozen plasma shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests.
  • Research Areas

    • Applications

    Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab91126 in the following tested applications.

    The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

    Application Notes
    SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE: Use at an assay dependent dilution.

    Protein info

    • Alternative names
        AD2Apo EApo-E
        APOEAPOE_HUMANApolipoprotein ELDLCQ5LPG
      see all
  • FunctionMediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues.
  • Tissue specificityOccurs in all lipoprotein fractions in plasma. It constitutes 10-20% of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 1-2% of high density lipoproteins (HDL). APOE is produced in most organs. Significant quantities are produced in liver, brain, spleen, lung, adrenal, ovary, kidney and muscle.
  • Involvement in diseaseDefects in APOE are a cause of hyperlipoproteinemia type 3 (HLPP3) [MIM:107741]; also known as familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Individuals with HLPP3 are clinically characterized by xanthomas, yellowish lipid deposits in the palmar crease, or less specific on tendons and on elbows. The disorder rarely manifests before the third decade in men. In women, it is usually expressed only after the menopause. The vast majority of the patients are homozygous for APOE*2 alleles. More severe cases of HLPP3 have also been observed in individuals heterozygous for rare APOE variants. The influence of APOE on lipid levels is often suggested to have major implications for the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals carrying the common APOE*4 variant are at higher risk of CAD.
    Genetic variations in APOE are associated with Alzheimer disease type 2 (AD2) [MIM:104310]. It is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituent of these plaques is the neurotoxic amyloid-beta-APP 40-42 peptide (s), derived proteolytically from the transmembrane precursor protein APP by sequential secretase processing. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products such as C31 derived from APP, are also implicated in neuronal death. Note=The APOE*4 allele is genetically associated with the common late onset familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer disease. Risk for AD increased from 20% to 90% and mean age at onset decreased from 84 to 68 years with increasing number of APOE*4 alleles in 42 families with late onset AD. Thus APOE*4 gene dose is a major risk factor for late onset AD and, in these families, homozygosity for APOE*4 was virtually sufficient to cause AD by age 80. The mechanism by which APOE*4 participates in pathogenesis is not known.
    Defects in APOE are a cause of sea-blue histiocyte disease (SBHD) [MIM:269600]; also known as sea-blue histiocytosis. This disorder is characterized by splenomegaly, mild thrombocytopenia and, in the bone marrow, numerous histiocytes containing cytoplasmic granules which stain bright blue with the usual hematologic stains. The syndrome is the consequence of an inherited metabolic defect analogous to Gaucher disease and other sphingolipidoses.
    Defects in APOE are a cause of lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) [MIM:611771]. LPG is an uncommon kidney disease characterized by proteinuria, progressive kidney failure, and distinctive lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries. It mainly affects people of Japanese and Chinese origin. The disorder has rarely been described in Caucasians.
    Defects in APOE are a cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) [MIM:143890]. FH is a condition characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either low-density lipoproteins alone or also in very-low-density lipoproteins.
  • Sequence similaritiesBelongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.
  • Post-translational
    modifications    Synthesized with the sialic acid attached by O-glycosidic linkage and is subsequently desialylated in plasma. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Thr-307 is a minor glycosylation site compared to Ser-308.
    Glycated in plasma VLDL of normal subjects, and of hyperglycemic diabetic patients at a higher level (2-3 fold).
    Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium.
  • Cellular localizationSecreted.

    • Target information above from: UniProt accession P02649 The UniProt Consortium
    The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) .

    Information by UniProt

    VLDL protein (Human) images

    • SDS-PAGE - VLDL protein (Human) (ab91126)
      SDS-PAGE - VLDL protein (Human) (ab91126)
      12% Tris HCl gel
      Lane 1: 10 µg VLDL (reduced/heated)
      Lane 2: Molecular weight markers

    References for VLDL protein (Human) (ab91126)

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