Human gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) peptide (ab15645)
Key features and details
- Purity: > 90% HPLC
- Suitable for: Blocking
Description
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Product name
Human gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) peptide -
Purity
> 90 % HPLC. -
Accession
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Animal free
No -
Nature
Synthetic -
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Species
Human -
Modifications
phospho S139
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Associated products
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Corresponding Antibody
Specifications
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab15645 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
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Applications
Blocking - Blocking peptide for Anti-gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) antibody (ab2893)
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Form
Lyophilized -
Additional notes
- First try to dissolve a small amount of peptide in either water or buffer. The more charged residues on a peptide, the more soluble it is in aqueous solutions.
- If the peptide doesn’t dissolve try an organic solvent e.g. DMSO, then dilute using water or buffer.
- Consider that any solvent used must be compatible with your assay. If a peptide does not dissolve and you need to recover it, lyophilise to remove the solvent.
- Gentle warming and sonication can effectively aid peptide solubilisation. If the solution is cloudy or has gelled the peptide may be in suspension rather than solubilised.
- Peptides containing cysteine are easily oxidised, so should be prepared in solution just prior to use. -
Concentration information loading...
Preparation and Storage
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Stability and Storage
Shipped at 4°C. Store at -20°C.
Information available upon request.
General Info
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Alternative names
- H2A histone family member X
- H2A.FX
- H2A.X
see all -
Function
Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation. -
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the histone H2A family. -
Developmental stage
Synthesized in G1 as well as in S-phase. -
Domain
The [ST]-Q motif constitutes a recognition sequence for kinases from the PI3/PI4-kinase family. -
Post-translational
modificationsPhosphorylated on Ser-140 (to form gamma-H2AFX or H2AX139ph) in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic recombination events and immunoglobulin class switching in lymphocytes. Phosphorylation can extend up to several thousand nucleosomes from the actual site of the DSB and may mark the surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA damage signaling and repair. Widespread phosphorylation may also serve to amplify the damage signal or aid repair of persistent lesions. Phosphorylation of Ser-140 (H2AX139ph) in response to ionizing radiation is mediated by both ATM and PRKDC while defects in DNA replication induce Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) subsequent to activation of ATR and PRKDC. Dephosphorylation of Ser-140 by PP2A is required for DNA DSB repair. In meiosis, Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may occur at synaptonemal complexes during leptotene as an ATM-dependent response to the formation of programmed DSBs by SPO11. Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may subsequently occurs at unsynapsed regions of both autosomes and the XY bivalent during zygotene, downstream of ATR and BRCA1 activation. Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may also be required for transcriptional repression of unsynapsed chromatin and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), whereby the X and Y chromosomes condense in pachytene to form the heterochromatic XY-body. During immunoglobulin class switch recombination in lymphocytes, Ser-140 phosphorylation (H2AX139ph) may occur at sites of DNA-recombination subsequent to activation of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase AICDA. Phosphorylation at Tyr-143 (H2AXY142ph) by BAZ1B/WSTF determines the relative recruitment of either DNA repair or pro-apoptotic factors. Phosphorylation at Tyr-143 (H2AXY142ph) favors the recruitment of APBB1/FE65 and pro-apoptosis factors such as MAPK8/JNK1, triggering apoptosis. In contrast, dephosphorylation of Tyr-143 by EYA proteins (EYA1, EYA2, EYA3 or EYA4) favors the recruitment of MDC1-containing DNA repair complexes to the tail of phosphorylated Ser-140 (H2AX139ph).
Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AXK119ub) by RING1 and RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63' linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of DNA damage. Monoubiquitination and ionizing radiation-induced 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination are distinct events. -
Cellular localization
Nucleus. Chromosome. - Information by UniProt
Images
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All lanes : Anti-gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) antibody (ab2893) at 1/500 dilution
Lane 1 : Control HeLa (Human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate Histone preparation
Lane 2 : Colcemid treated HeLa whole cell lysate Histone preparation
Lane 3 : Control HeLa (Human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate Histone preparation withHuman gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) peptide (ab15645) at 1 µg
Lane 4 : Colcemid treated HeLa whole cell lysate Histone preparation withHuman gamma H2A.X (phospho S139) peptide (ab15645) at 1 µg
Lane 5 : Control HeLa (Human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate Histone preparation with Human Histone H2A.X (unmodified ) peptide (ab15646) at 1 µg
Lane 6 : Colcemid treated HeLa whole cell lysate Histone preparation with Human Histone H2A.X (unmodified ) peptide (ab15646) at 1 µg
Secondary
All lanes : Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab6721) at 1/5000 dilution
Protocols
To our knowledge, customised protocols are not required for this product. Please try the standard protocols listed below and let us know how you get on.
Datasheets and documents
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Datasheet download
References (3)
ab15645 has been referenced in 3 publications.
- Yu R et al. LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res 50:8060-8079 (2022). PubMed: 35849344
- Lopez Perez R et al. Superresolution light microscopy shows nanostructure of carbon ion radiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair foci. FASEB J 30:2767-76 (2016). PubMed: 27166088
- Banh S & Hales BF Hydroxyurea exposure triggers tissue-specific activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and the DNA damage response in organogenesis-stage mouse embryos. Toxicol Sci 133:298-308 (2013). Blocking . PubMed: 23492809