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  - Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)
  - Prostanoid
  - + Purinergics
  - - + P1
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
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    - - Non-selective
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        Antagonists
      - + P2Y
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - + 5-HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
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        Antagonists
      - 5-HT_1C
      - + 5-HT_1D
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        Antagonists
      - 5-ht_1e
      - 5-HT_1F
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5-HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5-HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5-HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
  - Sigma
  - Smoothened
  - Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
  - TGR5
  - Toll-like Receptors
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  - - ABC transporter
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    - Glycine
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- + Signaling
- - Amyloidogenesis
  - + Angiogenesis
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    - VEGFR
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - BCL
    - Caspase
    - Chk
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - ALK
      - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - General
      - PDGFR
      - Trk
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - + p53
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      - Inhibitors
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  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺ binding protein
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    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
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  - + Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
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    - Kinesin
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    - Tubulin
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    - Transcription factors
  - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
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    - Dynamin
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  - + Epigenetics
  - - DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs)
    - Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs)
    - Histone Deacetylases (HDAC)
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    - Other
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  - - Cell adhesion
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    - Matrix metalloprotease
    - Rho kinase
  - Heat Shock Proteins
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    - Antifungal
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    - Immunomodulators & Immunosuppressants
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  - + Lipid signaling
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    - + Phospholipase & Lipase
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    - G-Protein related
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      - + STAT
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        Inhibitors
    - + MAPK
    - - + ERK
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        Inhibitors
      - General
      - JNK
      - MKK/MEK
      - MNK
      - p38
      - Raf kinase
    - + Nitric oxide & oxidative stress
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      - + Donors / precursors
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        Other
      - NOS
      - Other
      - ROS
    - Notch signaling
    - + PI3K/Akt signaling
    - - + Akt
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        Inhibitors
      - Glycogen synthase kinase
      - Inhibitors
      - mTOR
      - p21
      - + PI3-kinase
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        Inhibitors
      - PP1 & PP2A
    - + Wnt signaling
    - - Activators
      - Inhibitors
  - + Stem Cells
  - - Growth factors
    - Hedgehog signaling
    - JAK/STAT
    - Other
    - Wnt signaling

Research Area
- + Addiction
- - + Cannabinoid
  - - + CB₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - + CB₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - GPR18
    - GPR55
    - Non-selective
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - + Nicotinic
  - - α3
    - α4β2
    - + α7
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + General
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Opioids
  - - δ
    - + κ
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - General
    - ORL₁
    - + µ
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
- + Alzheimer's Disease
- - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Muscarinic
  - - + M₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + M₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - M₃
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Nicotinic
  - - α3
    - α4β2
    - + α7
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + General
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Cyclin-dependent kinase
      - + Growth factors
      - EGFR
        
        FGFR
        
        PDGFR
        
        VEGFR
      - Other
      - p53
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Lipid signaling
    - + Signal transduction
    - - Cytokines
      - + Hedgehog signaling
      - Inhibitors
        
        Smoothened
      - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
      - Adenylyl cyclase
        
        cAMP
        
        Inositol lipids
        
        + Protein Kinase A
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - JAK/STAT signaling
      - + MAPK
      - General
        
        JNK
        
        MKK/MEK
        
        MNK
        
        p38
        
        Raf kinase
      - NF-κB & IκB signaling
      - + Nitric oxide signaling
      - Antioxidants
        
        + Donors / precursors
        
        Donors
        
        Other
        
        NOS
      - + PI3K/Akt signaling
      - + Akt
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
        
        mTOR
        
        PI3-kinase
      - Transcription factors
      - Wnt signaling
    - Stem Cells
- + Cancer
- - + Angiogenesis
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - BCL
    - Caspase
    - Chk
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - Kit
      - PDGFR
      - Trk
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - + p53
    - - Activators
      - Inhibitors
    - PARP
    - TIE
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - + Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - - Actin
    - Inhibitors
    - Kinesin
    - Myosin
    - Other
    - Tubulin
  - + DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
  - + Epigenetics
  - + Extracellular matrix & cell adhesion
  - + Nuclear Receptors
  - + Signal transduction
  - - Cytokines, NF-κB & IκB signaling
    - G-Protein related
    - + Hedgehog signaling
    - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
    - + JAK/STAT
    - - JAK
      - STAT
    - + MAPK
    - - ERK
      - General
      - JNK
      - MKK/MEK
      - MNK
      - p38
      - Raf kinase
    - + Nitric oxide & oxidative stress
    - - Antioxidants
      - + Donors / precursors
      - Donors
        
        Other
      - NOS
      - Other
      - ROS
    - + PI3K/Akt signaling
    - - + Akt
      - Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - Glycogen synthase kinase
      - mTOR
      - p21
      - PI3-kinase
      - PP1 & PP2A
    - Transcription factors
    - Wnt signaling
- - Depression
- - - Glutamate
  - - - AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - 5HT1_F
      - + 5HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_1B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - 5HT_1C
      - + 5HT_1D
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₄
    - 5-ht₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
- + Diabetes
- - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - Other
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Cyclin-dependent kinase
      - + Growth factors
      - EGFR
        
        FGFR
        
        PDGFR
        
        VEGFR
      - Other
      - p53
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Lipid signaling
    - + Signal transduction
    - - Cytokines
      - + Hedgehog signaling
      - Inhibitors
        
        Smoothened
      - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
      - Adenylyl cyclase
        
        cAMP
        
        Inositol lipids
        
        + Protein Kinase A
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - JAK/STAT signaling
      - + MAPK
      - General
        
        JNK
        
        MKK/MEK
        
        MNK
        
        p38
        
        Raf kinase
      - NF-κB & IκB signaling
      - + Nitric oxide signaling
      - Antioxidants
        
        + Donors / precursors
        
        Donors
        
        Other
        
        NOS
      - + PI3K/Akt signaling
      - + Akt
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
        
        mTOR
        
        PI3-kinase
      - Transcription factors
      - Wnt signaling
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Epigenetics
- - DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs)
  - Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs)
  - Histone Deacetylases (HDAC)
  - Histone Methyltransferase
  - Other
- + Heart disease
- - + Adenosine
  - - + A₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonist
    - + Non-selective
    - Other
  - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - Calcium
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - + Nuclear Receptors
  - - + Estrogen
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucocorticoid
    - Mineralocorticoid
    - PPAR
    - Progesterone
    - Retinoic acid receptors
    - Retinoid X receptors
  - Other
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Other
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - - Ca_v channels
      - Ca²⁺-ATPase
      - Chelators
      - General
      - Ionophores
      - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
      - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
    - Coenzymes
    - + Cytokine and NF-κB signaling
    - - Cytokines
      - NF-κB & IκB
      - Other
      - STAT
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Hedgehog signaling
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
    - - Adenylyl cyclase
      - cAMP
      - Inositol lipids
      - + Protein Kinase A
      - Activators
        
        Inhibitors
    - + Lipid signaling
    - - Cyclooxygenase
      - HMG-CoA reductase
      - Inhibitors
      - Oxygenase
      - Phospholipase & Lipase
      - PI3-kinase
    - + Nitric Oxide
    - - Antioxidants
      - + Donors / precursors
      - Donors
        
        Other
      - NOS
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Hypertension
- - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - + Nuclear Receptors
  - - + Estrogen
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucocorticoid
    - Mineralocorticoid
    - PPAR
    - Progesterone
    - Retinoic acid receptors
    - Retinoid X receptors
  - Other
  - + Peptide Receptors
  - - + Angiotensin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - AXOR
    - Bradykinin
    - + CCK
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Endothelin
    - Galanin
    - + Ghrelin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucagon
    - LHRH
    - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
    - Neuropeptide S
    - Neuropeptide Y
    - Orexin
    - Other
    - Oxytocin
    - PAR
    - Sensory Neuron Specific Receptor
    - Substance P
    - Tachykinins
    - Vasopressin
    - VIP
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Cyclin-dependent kinase
      - + Growth factors
      - EGFR
        
        FGFR
        
        PDGFR
        
        VEGFR
      - Other
      - p53
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Lipid signaling
    - + Signal transduction
    - - Cytokines
      - + Hedgehog signaling
      - Inhibitors
        
        Smoothened
      - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
      - Adenylyl cyclase
        
        cAMP
        
        Inositol lipids
        
        + Protein Kinase A
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - JAK/STAT signaling
      - + MAPK
      - General
        
        JNK
        
        MKK/MEK
        
        MNK
        
        p38
        
        Raf kinase
      - NF-κB & IκB signaling
      - + Nitric oxide signaling
      - Antioxidants
        
        + Donors / precursors
        
        Donors
        
        Other
        
        NOS
      - + PI3K/Akt signaling
      - + Akt
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
        
        mTOR
        
        PI3-kinase
      - Transcription factors
      - Wnt signaling
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Obesity
- - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - + Cannabinoid
  - - + CB₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - + CB₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - GPR18
    - GPR55
    - Non-selective
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Muscarinic
  - - + M₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + M₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - M₃
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - Other
  - + Peptide Receptors
  - - + Angiotensin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - AXOR
    - Bradykinin
    - + CCK
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Endothelin
    - Galanin
    - + Ghrelin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucagon
    - LHRH
    - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
    - Neuropeptide S
    - Neuropeptide Y
    - Orexin
    - Other
    - Oxytocin
    - PAR
    - Sensory Neuron Specific Receptor
    - Substance P
    - Tachykinins
    - Vasopressin
    - VIP
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - 5HT1_F
      - + 5HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_1B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - 5HT_1C
      - + 5HT_1D
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₄
    - 5-ht₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Cyclin-dependent kinase
      - + Growth factors
      - EGFR
        
        FGFR
        
        PDGFR
        
        VEGFR
      - Other
      - p53
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Lipid signaling
    - + Signal transduction
    - - Cytokines
      - + Hedgehog signaling
      - Inhibitors
        
        Smoothened
      - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
      - Adenylyl cyclase
        
        cAMP
        
        Inositol lipids
        
        + Protein Kinase A
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - JAK/STAT signaling
      - + MAPK
      - General
        
        JNK
        
        MKK/MEK
        
        MNK
        
        p38
        
        Raf kinase
      - NF-κB & IκB signaling
      - + Nitric oxide signaling
      - Antioxidants
        
        + Donors / precursors
        
        Donors
        
        Other
        
        NOS
      - + PI3K/Akt signaling
      - + Akt
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
        
        mTOR
        
        PI3-kinase
      - Transcription factors
      - Wnt signaling
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Pain & inflammation
- - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - + Cannabinoid
  - - + CB₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - + CB₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists / inverse agonists
    - GPR18
    - GPR55
    - Non-selective
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - + GABA
  - - + GABA_A
    - + GABA_B
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - + Histamine
  - - + H₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Non-selective
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - + Opioids
  - - δ
    - + κ
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - General
    - ORL₁
    - + µ
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - Other
  - + Peptide Receptors
  - - + Angiotensin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - AXOR
    - Bradykinin
    - + CCK
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Endothelin
    - Galanin
    - + Ghrelin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucagon
    - LHRH
    - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
    - Neuropeptide S
    - Neuropeptide Y
    - Orexin
    - Other
    - Oxytocin
    - PAR
    - Sensory Neuron Specific Receptor
    - Substance P
    - Tachykinins
    - Vasopressin
    - VIP
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Other
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - - Ca_v channels
      - Ca²⁺-ATPase
      - Chelators
      - General
      - Ionophores
      - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
      - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
    - Coenzymes
    - + Cytokine and NF-κB signaling
    - - Cytokines
      - NF-κB & IκB
      - Other
      - STAT
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Hedgehog signaling
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
    - - Adenylyl cyclase
      - cAMP
      - Inositol lipids
      - + Protein Kinase A
      - Activators
        
        Inhibitors
    - + Lipid signaling
    - - Cyclooxygenase
      - HMG-CoA reductase
      - Inhibitors
      - Oxygenase
      - Phospholipase & Lipase
      - PI3-kinase
    - + Nitric Oxide
    - - Antioxidants
      - + Donors / precursors
      - Donors
        
        Other
      - NOS
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Parkinson's Disease
- - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Dopamine
  - - + D₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₅
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - + Nicotinic
  - - α3
    - α4β2
    - + α7
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + General
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - 5HT1_F
      - + 5HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_1B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - 5HT_1C
      - + 5HT_1D
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₄
    - 5-ht₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
- + Respiratory disease
- - + Adenosine
  - - + A₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonist
    - + Non-selective
    - Other
  - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - + Histamine
  - - + H₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + H₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Non-selective
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Muscarinic
  - - + M₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + M₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - M₃
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - Other
  - + Peptide Receptors
  - - + Angiotensin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - AXOR
    - Bradykinin
    - + CCK
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Endothelin
    - Galanin
    - + Ghrelin
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucagon
    - LHRH
    - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
    - Neuropeptide S
    - Neuropeptide Y
    - Orexin
    - Other
    - Oxytocin
    - PAR
    - Sensory Neuron Specific Receptor
    - Substance P
    - Tachykinins
    - Vasopressin
    - VIP
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Other
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - - Ca_v channels
      - Ca²⁺-ATPase
      - Chelators
      - General
      - Ionophores
      - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
      - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
    - Coenzymes
    - + Cytokine and NF-κB signaling
    - - Cytokines
      - NF-κB & IκB
      - Other
      - STAT
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Hedgehog signaling
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
    - - Adenylyl cyclase
      - cAMP
      - Inositol lipids
      - + Protein Kinase A
      - Activators
        
        Inhibitors
    - + Lipid signaling
    - - Cyclooxygenase
      - HMG-CoA reductase
      - Inhibitors
      - Oxygenase
      - Phospholipase & Lipase
      - PI3-kinase
    - + Nitric Oxide
    - - Antioxidants
      - + Donors / precursors
      - Donors
        
        Other
      - NOS
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers
- + Schizophrenia
- - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Dopamine
  - - + D₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₅
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + GABA
  - - + GABA_A
    - + GABA_B
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - + Muscarinic
  - - + M₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + M₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - M₃
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Nicotinic
  - - α3
    - α4β2
    - + α7
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + General
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - 5HT1_F
      - + 5HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_1B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - 5HT_1C
      - + 5HT_1D
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₄
    - 5-ht₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
- + Stem Cells
- - Growth factors
  - Hedgehog signaling
  - JAK/STAT
  - Other
  - Wnt signaling
- + Stress / Anxiety
- - + Adrenoceptors
  - - + α
    - - + α₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + α₂
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Non-selective
    - + β
    - - + β₁
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonist
      - + β₂
      - Agonists
        
        antagonist
      - β₃
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonist
        
        Agonists
        
        Antagonist
        
        Antagonist
    - Non-selective
    - Transporters
  - + Dopamine
  - - + D₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₄
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + D₅
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + GABA
  - - + GABA_A
    - + GABA_B
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Other
    - Transporters
  - + Serotonin
  - - + 5-HT₁
    - - 5HT1_F
      - + 5HT_1A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_1B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - 5HT_1C
      - + 5HT_1D
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₂
    - - + 5HT_2A
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2B
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + 5HT_2C
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Non-selective
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - 5-HT₄
    - 5-HT₅
    - + 5-HT₆
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + 5-HT₇
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + Non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Transporters
- + Stroke
- - + Adenosine
  - - + A₁
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₂
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + A₃
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonist
    - + Non-selective
    - Other
  - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
  - - Caspase
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase
    - + Growth factors
    - - EGFR
      - FGFR
      - PDGFR
      - VEGFR
    - Other
    - p53
  - + Ca²⁺ signaling
  - - Ca_v channels
    - Ca²⁺-ATPase
    - CAM Kinase
    - Chelators
    - General
    - Ionophores, Indicators & Chelators
    - IP₃ & ryanodine receptors
    - Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange
  - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
  - + Glutamate
  - - + AMPA & Kainate
    - + Broad spectrum / non-selective
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - + mGlu
    - - General
      - + Group I
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Modulators
      - + Group I & II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group II
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Group III
      - Agonists
        
        Allosteric modulators
        
        Antagonists
    - + NMDA
    - - AP-2 binding site
      - + Glutamate Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - + Glycine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
      - Ion Channel Site
      - + Polyamine Site
      - Agonists
        
        Antagonists
        
        Other
    - + Transporters
    - - Inhibitors
      - Modulators
  - Immunomodulators
  - + Nitric oxide signaling
  - - Antioxidants
    - + Donors / precursors
    - - Donors
      - Other
    - NOS
  - + Nuclear Receptors
  - - + Estrogen
    - - Agonists
      - Antagonists
    - Glucocorticoid
    - Mineralocorticoid
    - PPAR
    - Progesterone
    - Retinoic acid receptors
    - Retinoid X receptors
  - Other
  - + Potassium
  - - Activators
    - Blockers
  - + Signaling
  - - Amyloidogenesis
    - + Angiogenesis
    - - Antiangiogenics
      - VEGFR
    - + Apoptosis & cell cycle
    - - Caspase
      - Cyclin-dependent kinase
      - + Growth factors
      - EGFR
        
        FGFR
        
        PDGFR
        
        VEGFR
      - Other
      - p53
    - + Ca²⁺ signaling
    - Cytoskeleton & motor proteins
    - DNA, RNA & protein synthesis
    - + Endocytosis & exocytosis
    - - Clathrin
      - Dynamin
    - Heat Shock Proteins
    - Immunomodulators
    - + Lipid signaling
    - + Signal transduction
    - - Cytokines
      - + Hedgehog signaling
      - Inhibitors
        
        Smoothened
      - + Inositol & cAMP signaling
      - Adenylyl cyclase
        
        cAMP
        
        Inositol lipids
        
        + Protein Kinase A
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
      - JAK/STAT signaling
      - + MAPK
      - General
        
        JNK
        
        MKK/MEK
        
        MNK
        
        p38
        
        Raf kinase
      - NF-κB & IκB signaling
      - + Nitric oxide signaling
      - Antioxidants
        
        + Donors / precursors
        
        Donors
        
        Other
        
        NOS
      - + PI3K/Akt signaling
      - + Akt
        
        Activators
        
        Inhibitors
        
        mTOR
        
        PI3-kinase
      - Transcription factors
      - Wnt signaling
    - Stem Cells
  - Sodium
  - + TRP
  - - Agonists
    - Blockers

Chemical Type

Product Range

We have 11 products in: Biochemicals >> Research Area >> Depression >> Glutamate >> AMPA & Kainate >> Agonists

Agonists

Code	Name	Details
ab120130	(R,S)-AMPA	AMPA agonist Purity: > 99%
ab120005	(S)-AMPA	AMPA agonist Purity: > 98%
ab120062	(S)-5-Chlorowillardiine	AMPA / kainate agonist Purity: > 98%
ab120338	Domoic acid	Kainate agonist. Neurotoxin. Purity: > 98%
ab120036	(S)-5-Fluorowillardiine	Potent, selective AMPA agonist Purity: > 99%
ab120222	(S)-5-Iodowillardiine	GluK1 kainate agonist Purity: > 98%
ab120323	Ionotropic Agonists Kit Kit of agonists, antagonists and potentiators at AMPA, Kainate and NMDA receptors.
ab120100	Kainic acid	Prototypic kainate receptor agonist. Purity: > 99%
ab120063	(S)-5-Nitrowillardiine	AMPA / kainate agonist Purity: > 98%
ab120010	Quisqualic acid	Group I mGlu agonist. AMPA agonist. Purity: > 99%
ab120040	(S)-Willardiine	AMPA / kainate receptor agonist Purity: > 98%

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"In this golden age of biology, we look forward to supporting you on your quest for discovery. Good luck with your research."

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"In this golden age of biology, we look forward to supporting you on your quest for discovery.
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