Recombinant Anti-MSH2 antibody [EPR21017-2] - BSA and Azide free (ab228325)
Key features and details
- Produced recombinantly (animal-free) for high batch-to-batch consistency and long term security of supply
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR21017-2] to MSH2 - BSA and Azide free
- Suitable for: Flow Cyt (Intra), WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF
- Knockout validated
- Reacts with: Mouse, Rat, Human
Related conjugates and formulations
Overview
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Product name
Anti-MSH2 antibody [EPR21017-2] - BSA and Azide free
See all MSH2 primary antibodies -
Description
Rabbit monoclonal [EPR21017-2] to MSH2 - BSA and Azide free -
Host species
Rabbit -
Tested applications
Suitable for: Flow Cyt (Intra), WB, IHC-P, ICC/IFmore details -
Species reactivity
Reacts with: Mouse, Rat, Human -
Immunogen
Recombinant fragment within Human MSH2 aa 500 to the C-terminus. The exact immunogen sequence used to generate this antibody is proprietary information. If additional detail on the immunogen is needed to determine the suitability of the antibody for your needs, please contact our Scientific Support team to discuss your requirements.
Database link: P43246 -
Positive control
- IHC-P: Human testis tissue. Flow Cyt (intra): WT HAP1
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General notes
ab228325 is the carrier-free version of ab212188.
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.
This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with <1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
- - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- - Improved sensitivity and specificity
- - Long-term security of supply
- - Animal-free production
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
Properties
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Form
Liquid -
Storage instructions
Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C. Do Not Freeze. -
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2
Constituent: PBS -
Carrier free
Yes -
Concentration information loading...
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Purity
Protein A purified -
Clonality
Monoclonal -
Clone number
EPR21017-2 -
Isotype
IgG1 -
Research areas
Associated products
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Alternative Versions
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Compatible Secondaries
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Related Products
Applications
The Abpromise guarantee
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab228325 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Application | Abreviews | Notes |
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Flow Cyt (Intra) |
1/6000.
Human only. |
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WB |
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Detects a band of approximately 104 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 104 kDa).
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IHC-P |
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
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ICC/IF |
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Human only. |
Notes |
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Flow Cyt (Intra)
1/6000. Human only. |
WB
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Detects a band of approximately 104 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 104 kDa). |
IHC-P
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
ICC/IF
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Human only. |
Target
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Function
Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). Forms two different heterodimers: MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer) and MutS beta (MSH2-MSH3 heterodimer) which binds to DNA mismatches thereby initiating DNA repair. When bound, heterodimers bend the DNA helix and shields approximately 20 base pairs. MutS alpha recognizes single base mismatches and dinucleotide insertion-deletion loops (IDL) in the DNA. MutS beta recognizes larger insertion-deletion loops up to 13 nucleotides long. After mismatch binding, MutS alpha or beta forms a ternary complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis. ATP binding and hydrolysis play a pivotal role in mismatch repair functions. The ATPase activity associated with MutS alpha regulates binding similar to a molecular switch: mismatched DNA provokes ADP-->ATP exchange, resulting in a discernible conformational transition that converts MutS alpha into a sliding clamp capable of hydrolysis-independent diffusion along the DNA backbone. This transition is crucial for mismatch repair. MutS alpha may also play a role in DNA homologous recombination repair. In melanocytes may modulate both UV-B-induced cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. -
Tissue specificity
Ubiquitously expressed. -
Involvement in disease
Defects in MSH2 are the cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer type 1 (HNPCC1) [MIM:120435]. Mutations in more than one gene locus can be involved alone or in combination in the production of the HNPCC phenotype (also called Lynch syndrome). Most families with clinically recognized HNPCC have mutations in either MLH1 or MSH2 genes. HNPCC is an autosomal, dominantly inherited disease associated with marked increase in cancer susceptibility. It is characterized by a familial predisposition to early onset colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and extra-colonic cancers of the gastrointestinal, urological and female reproductive tracts. HNPCC is reported to be the most common form of inherited colorectal cancer in the Western world. Cancers in HNPCC originate within benign neoplastic polyps termed adenomas. Clinically, HNPCC is often divided into two subgroups. Type I: hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer, a young age of onset, and carcinoma observed in the proximal colon. Type II: patients have an increased risk for cancers in certain tissues such as the uterus, ovary, breast, stomach, small intestine, skin, and larynx in addition to the colon. Diagnosis of classical HNPCC is based on the Amsterdam criteria: 3 or more relatives affected by colorectal cancer, one a first degree relative of the other two; 2 or more generation affected; 1 or more colorectal cancers presenting before 50 years of age; exclusion of hereditary polyposis syndromes. The term "suspected HNPCC" or "incomplete HNPCC" can be used to describe families who do not or only partially fulfill the Amsterdam criteria, but in whom a genetic basis for colon cancer is strongly suspected. MSH2 mutations may predispose to hematological malignancies and multiple cafe-au-lait spots.
Defects in MSH2 are a cause of Muir-Torre syndrome (MuToS) [MIM:158320]; also abbreviated MTS. MuToS is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sebaceous neoplasms and visceral malignancy.
Defects in MSH2 are a cause of susceptibility to endometrial cancer (ENDMC) [MIM:608089].
Defects in MSH2 are a cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer type 8 (HNPCC8) [MIM:613244]. HNPCC is a disease associated with marked increase in cancer susceptibility. It is characterized by a familial predisposition to early-onset colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and extra-colonic tumors of the gastrointestinal, urological and female reproductive tracts. HNPCC is reported to be the most common form of inherited colorectal cancer in the Western world. Clinically, HNPCC is often divided into two subgroups. Type I is characterized by hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer, a young age of onset, and carcinoma observed in the proximal colon. Type II is characterized by increased risk for cancers in certain tissues such as the uterus, ovary, breast, stomach, small intestine, skin, and larynx in addition to the colon. Diagnosis of classical HNPCC is based on the Amsterdam criteria: 3 or more relatives affected by colorectal cancer, one a first degree relative of the other two; 2 or more generation affected; 1 or more colorectal cancers presenting before 50 years of age; exclusion of hereditary polyposis syndromes. The term 'suspected HNPCC' or 'incomplete HNPCC' can be used to describe families who do not or only partially fulfill the Amsterdam criteria, but in whom a genetic basis for colon cancer is strongly suspected. Note=HNPCC8 results from heterozygous deletion of 3-prime exons of EPCAM and intergenic regions directly upstream of MSH2, resulting in transcriptional read-through and epigenetic silencing of MSH2 in tissues expressing EPCAM. -
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair mutS family. -
Post-translational
modificationsPhosphorylated by PRKCZ, which may prevent MutS alpha degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. -
Cellular localization
Nucleus. - Information by UniProt
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Database links
- Entrez Gene: 4436 Human
- Entrez Gene: 17685 Mouse
- Entrez Gene: 81709 Rat
- Omim: 609309 Human
- SwissProt: P43246 Human
- SwissProt: P43247 Mouse
- SwissProt: P54275 Rat
- Unigene: 597656 Human
see all -
Alternative names
- BAT26 antibody
- COCA 1 antibody
- COCA1 antibody
see all
Images
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MSH2 KO HAP1 (MSH2 knockout Human chronic myelogenous leukemia near-haploid cell line, Left) / WT HAP1 (Right) cells were fixed with4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% methanol. The cells were incubated with the primary antibody, ab212188 at a 1/6000 dilution (0.01µg) (red line). The secondary antibody used wasGoat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, ab150077) at a 1/2000 dilution. The isotype control (black line) antibody wasRabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730). An unlabelled control without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody was also performed (blue line).
90% methanol permeabilisation is recommended. Avoid using TritonX-100 as it may cause non-specific staining.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab212188).
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Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human testis tissue labeling MSH2 with ab212188 at 1/10000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Nuclear staining in human testis was observed (PMID: 10029069). Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab212188).
Protocols
To our knowledge, customised protocols are not required for this product. Please try the standard protocols listed below and let us know how you get on.
Datasheets and documents
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Datasheet download
Certificate of Compliance
References (0)
ab228325 has not yet been referenced specifically in any publications.