TIMP4 antibody - Loop 2 (ab38983)

Product Name 

TIMP4 antibody - Loop 2

Product type 

Primary antibodies

Description 

Rabbit polyclonal to TIMP4 - Loop 2

Immunogen 

Synthetic peptide based on loop 2 of human TIMP4

(Peptide available as a b41158.)

Reacts with 
(species key)

Hu

Specificity 

ab38983 recognises TIMP4. It does not cross react with the other TIMP family members (TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3).

We have a range of domain specific antibodies for this target. For a full list please see all TIMP4 antibodies

Tested applications 
(see key)

WB

Abreviews 

Customer reviews (see key)

Read about Abreviews

Application notes 
(see key)

Recommended dilutions
WB: 1/1000 when using colorimetric substrates such as BCIP/NBT - 1/5000 when using chemiluminescent substrates. Predicted molecular weight: 25 kDa. But note that when used against the reduced protein, ab38983 identifies bands at 23 and 29 Kd, representing the unglycosylated and glycosylated forms respectively of TIMP4. Also note that treatment of cells with the phorbol ester TPA stimulates production of TIMP4 in some cell types but the low protein levels produced often require concentration of cell culture media to visualize the bands by Western Blotting. Dilution optimised using Chromogenic detection. Not yet tested in other applications. Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

Cellular localization 

Secreted

Research areas 

Cell Biology >> Proteolysis / Ubiquitin >> Protease inhibitors >> Metalloprotease inhibitors >> TIMPs
Cancer >> Invasion/microenvironment >> ECM >> Extracellular matrix >> TIMPs
Cancer >> Invasion/microenvironment >> Angiogenesis >> ECM enzymes >> TIMPs
Cardiovascular >> Angiogenesis >> Adhesion / ECM >> Matrix Metalloproteinases >> TIMP

Relevance 

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring proteins that specifically inhibit matrix metalloproteinases and regulate extracellular matrix turnover and tissue remodeling by forming tightbinding inhibitory complexes with the MMPs. Thus, TIMPs maintain the balance between matrix destruction and formation. An imbalance between MMPs and the associated TIMPs may play a significant role in the invasive phenotype of malignant tumors. The TIMP proteins share several structural features including six loops held in place by six disulfide bonds arranged in three knot-like structures. These proteins also contain twelve cysteine residues in conserved regions of the molecule that form six disulfide bonds, essential for the formation of native conformations, and the N terminal region that is necessary for inhibitory activities. The N terminus of each TIMP contains a consensus sequence (VIRAK) and each TIMP is translated with a 29 amino acid leader sequence that is cleaved off to produce the mature protein. The C terminal regions are divergent, which enhances the selectivity of inhibition and binding efficiency. Although the TIMP proteins share high homology, they may either be secreted extracellularly in soluble form (TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP4) or bind to extracellular matrix components (TIMP3).

The MMPs and TIMPs can be divided into two groups with respect to gene expression: the majority exhibit inducible expression and a small number are produced constitutively or are expressed at very low levels and are not inducible. Among agents that induce MMP and TIMP production are the inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha and IL1 beta. A marked cell type specificity is a hallmark of both MMP and TIMP gene expression (i.e. a limited number of cell types can be induced to make these proteins). Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP4) was identified by molecular cloning. TIMP4 shows 37 % amino acid identity with TIMP1 and 51 % homology with TIMP2 and TIMP3. TIMP4 is secreted extracellularly, predominantly in heart and brain tissue. It may function in a tissue specific fashion in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. TIMP4 has a strong inhibitory effect on the invasion of human breast cancer cells across reconstituted basement membranes suggesting that TIMP4 may have an important role in inhibiting primary tumor growth and progression. The human TIMP4 gene has the chromosomal location of 3p25.

Database links 

Raised in 

Rabbit

Clonality 

Polyclonal

Isotype 

IgG

Purity 

Immunogen affinity purified

Storage buffer 

Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
Constituents: 50% Glycerol

Material safety datasheets (MSDS) for this product:
Glycerol MSDS
Sodium Azide MSDS

Form 

Liquid

Concentration 

1.000 mg/ml

Storage instructions 

Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.

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