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RecombinantRabMAb

Recombinant Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

  • Datasheet
  • SDS
Submit a review Q&A (8)References (7)

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Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Western blot - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
  • Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

Key features and details

  • Produced recombinantly (animal-free) for high batch-to-batch consistency and long term security of supply
  • Rabbit monoclonal [EPR4427] to CD97
  • Suitable for: Flow Cyt, WB, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF
  • Reacts with: Human

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Overview

  • Product name

    Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427]
    See all CD97 primary antibodies
  • Description

    Rabbit monoclonal [EPR4427] to CD97
  • Host species

    Rabbit
  • Tested applications

    Suitable for: Flow Cyt, WB, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IFmore details
  • Species reactivity

    Reacts with: Human
  • Immunogen

    A synthetic peptide corresponding to residues in the extracellular domain of Human CD97.

  • Positive control

    • Human tonsil, Jurkat, U937, and fetal thymus lysates; Human spleen, colon adenocarcinoma and tonsil tissues. This antibody gave a positive result when used in the following formaldehyde fixed cell lines: MDA-MB-231
  • General notes

    This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

    • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
    • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
    • - Long-term security of supply
    • - Animal-free production
    For more information see here.

    Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

    We are constantly working hard to ensure we provide our customers with best in class antibodies. As a result of this work we are pleased to now offer this antibody in purified format. We are in the process of updating our datasheets. The purified format is designated 'PUR' on our product labels. If you have any questions regarding this update, please contact our Scientific Support team.

Properties

  • Form

    Liquid
  • Storage instructions

    Shipped at 4°C. Upon delivery aliquot and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.
  • Storage buffer

    pH: 7.20
    Constituents: 0.35% Sodium citrate, 0.17% Sodium chloride, 0.03% EDTA, 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
  • Concentration information loading...
  • Purity

    Protein A purified
  • Clonality

    Monoclonal
  • Clone number

    EPR4427
  • Isotype

    IgG
  • Research areas

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurotransmission
    • Receptors / Channels
    • GPCR
    • More GPCR
    • Immunology
    • Cell Type Markers
    • CD
    • Non-lineage
    • Signal Transduction
    • Signaling Pathway
    • G Protein Signaling
    • GPCR
    • Stem Cells
    • Hematopoietic Progenitors
    • Intracellular Molecules

Associated products

  • Alternative Versions

    • Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] - BSA and Azide free (ab247649)
  • Conjugation kits

    • PE / R-Phycoerythrin Conjugation Kit - Lightning-Link® (ab102918)
    • APC Conjugation Kit - Lightning-Link® (ab201807)
  • Isotype control

    • Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control (ab172730)
  • Positive Controls

    • Jurkat membrane extract lysate (ab30130)
  • Recombinant Protein

    • Recombinant Human CD97 protein (ab131865)

Applications

The Abpromise guarantee

Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab108368 in the following tested applications.

The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

Application Abreviews Notes
Flow Cyt
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
WB
1/1000 - 1/10000. Predicted molecular weight: 92 kDa.
IP
1/10 - 1/100.
IHC-P
1/250 - 1/500. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Antigen retrieval is recommended.

ICC/IF
1/200.
Notes
Flow Cyt
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
WB
1/1000 - 1/10000. Predicted molecular weight: 92 kDa.
IP
1/10 - 1/100.
IHC-P
1/250 - 1/500. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Antigen retrieval is recommended.

ICC/IF
1/200.

Target

  • Function

    Receptor potentially involved in both adhesion and signaling processes early after leukocyte activation. Plays an essential role in leukocyte migration.
  • Tissue specificity

    Broadly expressed, found on most hematopoietic cells, including activated lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Expressed also abundantly by smooth muscle cells. Expressed in thyroid, colorectal, gastric, esophageal and pancreatic carcinomas too. Expression are increased under inflammatory conditions in the CNS of multiple sclerosis and in synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Increased expression of CD97 in the synovium is accompagnied by detectable levels of soluble CD97 in the synovial fluid.
  • Sequence similarities

    Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily.
    Contains 5 EGF-like domains.
    Contains 1 GPS domain.
  • Domain

    The first two EGF domains mediate the interaction with DAF. A third tandemly arranged EGF domain is necessary for the structural integrity of the binding region.
    Binding to chondroitin sulfate is mediated by the fourth EGF domain.
  • Post-translational
    modifications

    Proteolytically cleaved into 2 subunits, an extracellular alpha subunit and a seven-transmembrane subunit.
  • Cellular localization

    Cell membrane and Secreted > extracellular space.
  • Target information above from: UniProt accession P48960 The UniProt Consortium
    The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) .

    Information by UniProt
  • Database links

    • Entrez Gene: 976 Human
    • Omim: 601211 Human
    • SwissProt: P48960 Human
    • Unigene: 466039 Human
    • Alternative names

      • ADGRE5 antibody
      • Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 antibody
      • CD 97 antibody
      • CD_antigen=CD97 antibody
      • CD97 antibody
      • CD97 antigen antibody
      • CD97 antigen subunit beta antibody
      • CD97 molecule antibody
      • CD97_HUMAN antibody
      • Leukocyte antigen CD97 antibody
      • Seven span transmembrane protein antibody
      • Seven transmembrane helix receptor antibody
      • Seven transmembrane heterodimeric receptor associated with inflammation antibody
      • TM7LN 1 antibody
      • TM7LN1 antibody
      see all

    Images

    • Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

      Flow Cytometry analysis of MDA-MB-231 (human mammary gland epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells labeling CD97 with purified ab108368 at 1/250 dilution (10ug/ml) (red). A Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488)(1/2000 dilution) was used as the secondary antibody. Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Black) was used as the isotype control, cells without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody (Blue) were used as the unlabeled control.

    • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

      ICC/IF image of ab108368 stained MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells were 4% formaldehyde fixed (10 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody ab108368 at 1/200 dilution overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was DyLight® 488 goat anti- rabbit (ab96899) IgG (H+L) used at a 1/250 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43µM.

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

      ab108368 at 1/250 dilution staining CD97 in human colonic adenocarcinoma by Immunohistochemistry, Paraffin-embedded tissue.

      Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

    • Western blot - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Western blot - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      All lanes : Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368) at 1/1000 dilution

      Lane 1 : Human tonsil lysate
      Lane 2 : Jurkat cell lysate
      Lane 3 : U937 cell lysate
      Lane 4 : Human fetal thymus lysate

      Lysates/proteins at 10 µg per lane.

      Predicted band size: 92 kDa

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

      ab108368 at 1/250 dilution staining CD97 in human spleen by Immunohistochemistry, Paraffin-embedded tissue.

      Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

    • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

      ab108368 at 1/250 dilution staining CD97 in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue by Immunohistochemistry, Paraffin-embedded tissue.

      Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

    • Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)
      Anti-CD97 antibody [EPR4427] (ab108368)

    Protocols

    • Flow cytometry protocols
    • Immunoprecipitation protocols
    • Immunohistochemistry protocols
    • Immunocytochemistry & immunofluorescence protocols
    • Western blot protocols

    Click here to view the general protocols

    Datasheets and documents

    • SDS download

    • Datasheet download

      Download

    References (7)

    Publishing research using ab108368? Please let us know so that we can cite the reference in this datasheet.

    ab108368 has been referenced in 7 publications.

    • Xu X  et al. A-to-I-edited miRNA-379-5p inhibits cancer cell proliferation through CD97-induced apoptosis. J Clin Invest 129:5343-5356 (2019). PubMed: 31682236
    • Sumrall ET  et al. Phage resistance at the cost of virulence: Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b requires galactosylated teichoic acids for InlB-mediated invasion. PLoS Pathog 15:e1008032 (2019). PubMed: 31589660
    • Heinzelmann K  et al. Cell-surface phenotyping identifies CD36 and CD97 as novel markers of fibroblast quiescence in lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 315:L682-L696 (2018). PubMed: 29952218
    • Zhao W  et al. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of CD97/ADGRE5 reverses dysregulated high glucose-induced endothelial cell migration. Mol Med Rep 15:3048-3054 (2017). WB ; Human . PubMed: 28358422
    • Meng ZW  et al. Expression and prognostic value of soluble CD97 and its ligand CD55 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 39:1010428317694319 (2017). PubMed: 28345461
    • Safaee M  et al. Proportional upregulation of CD97 isoforms in glioblastoma and glioblastoma-derived brain tumor initiating cells. PLoS One 10:e0111532 (2015). WB, ICC . PubMed: 25714433
    • Safaee M  et al. Overexpression of CD97 confers an invasive phenotype in glioblastoma cells and is associated with decreased survival of glioblastoma patients. PLoS One 8:e62765 (2013). WB, ICC/IF ; Human . PubMed: 23658650

    Customer reviews and Q&As

    Show All Reviews Q&A
    Submit a review Submit a question

    1-8 of 8 Abreviews or Q&A

    Question

    Isotype d'ab108368

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on May 29 2013

    Answer



    J’ai contacté le laboratoire qui m’a confirmé que les IgG de lapins n’ont pas de sous-classes comme les IgG de souris et d'humains. L’isotype d’ab108368 est donc simplement IgG.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on May 29 2013

    Question

    Do you sell anti - mouse CD97? If so, how much do such antibodies cost and what properties do they have (i.e. are they compatible with FACS analyses?)

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Nov 30 2012

    Answer

    Thank you for contacting us.

    I have spoken to my colleague who suggested ab108368 (https://www.abcam.com/ab108368) to you. This antibody is a rabbit monoclonal which has been tested in immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry (paraffin), immunoprecipitation and western blots.

    Unfortunately, this antibody has also been tested in flow cytometry and has been found to be unsuitable for use in this application so we will not be able to offer you a testing discount as previously mentioned by my colleague. I am very sorry about this error on our part.

    However, if you would like to use an anti-mouse CD97 in flow cytometry, I recommend using ab135182 (https://www.abcam.com/ab135182). This antibody is a rat monoclonal and has been successfully tested in flow cytometry and is therefore guaranteed for use in this application.

    I hope this information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need any more advice or information.

    Free Rabbit monoclonal antibody with any purchase of a primary antibody, while stocks last! Quote “RABMAB-XBSMG” in your next primary antibody order. For more information, visit the following link: https://www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resource&rid=15447

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Nov 30 2012

    Question

    I hope this message finds you well. Thank you so much for the very thoughtful gift - We are really enjoying these delicious brownies! We are also preparing to put in an order 4 or 5 antibodies. Can we do it through you or should be use the website as usual? Thanks again for providing the highest level of professionalism and customer support.

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Mar 13 2012

    Answer

    Thank you for your response and for your continued patronage of Abcam. I am glad that you enjoyed the brownies!

    When ordering, it is most beneficial to use our website or to call our customer service representatives as they are much more knowledgeable of the ordering system and would be able to effectively resolve any issues should they arise.

    Thank you again contacting me and for your kind words. Please let me know if you have any questions or there are other ways that Abcam may help you meet your research goals.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Mar 13 2012

    Question

    I hope this message finds you well. I am sorry for the delay, but with the holiday on Monday and a busy week in the lab, it took me a while to get some information from our lab manager. Since we are continuing to have trouble with the antibody, I was hoping you would be able to provide the new version of the anti-EMR2 antibody that recognizes all isoforms along with 76% homology with isoform 5. The catalog number is ab122999. I was not able to get a confirmation number, but my lab manager gave me this, which I believe is the PO that the original EMR2 antibody (and several others) was purchased on: Thank you so much for your help and kind consideration. Given your outstanding customer service, technical skill, patience, and diligence, I will now be purchasing all of my antibodies through abcam.

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Feb 23 2012

    Answer

    I has been my pleasure to help with this. I would like to thank you for your help as well and for your cooperation. The details that you have provided will enable us to closely monitor the quality of our products.

    I am sorry this product did not perform as stated on the datasheet and for the inconvenience this has caused. As requested, I have issued a free of charge replacement of this product for ab122999. The order number for this replacement is 1040525.


    This product is expected not in stock at the moment but is expected to ship next week. To check the status of the order please contact our Customer Service team and reference this number.

    Please note that this free of charge replacement vial is also covered by our Abpromise guarantee. Should you still be experiencing difficulties, or if you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to let us know.

    I wish you the best of luck with your research. Please let me know if you have any questions or there are other ways that Abcam may help you meet your research goals.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Feb 23 2012

    Question

    I hope this message finds you well. Thank you for your response, here are my answers to your questions. I have also attached a sample image of the bands we are getting. 1. Denaturing samples - After normalizing to a protein concentration of 1-2 ug/ul, I dilute the samples in 1x SDS and then heat them for 5 minutes at 90-100 degrees C. The samples are stored at -80 C, but heated for 1-2 minutes before use at the same temperature. 2. Each well that you will see has 40 ug protein 3. My loading control is GAPDH, which looks good. 4. My positive controls were mouse spleen and the glioblastoma cell line SF767. Both are known to express EMR2. 5. We used a nitrocellulose membrane 6. Samples were blocked in 5% milk, 3% BSA solution for 90 minutes at room temperature 7. All antibodies were diluted 1:500 and incubated at 4 degrees. 8. Secondary antibodies were goat anti-human, used at 1:2000 dilution incubated at room temperature for 90 minutes 9. I have not run a no primary antibody control blot 10. The wash buffer is 1x TBST 11. I will get the abcam PO number from the lab manager and email you asap. Regarding the attached photo: The lanes are labeled as is the ladder. From the bottom to top the ladder values are (in kD): 37, 50, 75, 100, 150, 250. Our loading control (GAPDH) is at 37 kD as expected, as is the SF767 positive control for EMR2. Mouse spleen runs a little low and we are seeing what appears to be an isoform in the far right lane (GBM 28) at around 80 kD, although this is an isoform that according to the immunogen sequence provided. I am seeing the same isoform (approx 80 kD) more in other blots, but this is the blot that is most readily available for email. Thank you for all of your help and kind consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Feb 20 2012

    Answer

    Thank you for sending me this further information. It has helped tremendously in understanding the issues that you have been facing.

    I agree with your assessment that these bands are either non-specific or isoforms 4 and 5. As we cannot be sure which and I can see no futher suggestions that I might make which you have not already tried. If you have purchase this antibody wuithin the last six months, it will be covered by our Abpromise guarantee. In which case I mayoffer a free of charge replacement for this product.

    This issue may be specific to this vial or lot in wehich case I can offer you a new vial of ab75190. I beleive that I have already also communicated the immunogen sequence to you so should you decide to perform an immungen blocking procedure that peptide could easliy be created.

    As we had discussed earlier ab122999should recognize isoforms 1, 2, 3 and 4, as there is 100% homology while there is only 76% homology to isoform 5. However, the immungen for the product is published should it be neccessary to create a blocking peptide as well.

    I look forward to hearing from you, please be sure to send the Abcam order confirmation number or PO number used. I've included a pdf file overviewing immunogen blocking procedures. Please let me know if you have any questions or there are other ways that Abcam may help you meet your research goals.







    I hope this information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need any more advice or information.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Feb 20 2012

    Question

    I hope this message finds you well. Thank you for your last email regarding ab75190. I am detecting some background bands around 50-60 kD, which is below the size of the smallest isoform. I am also detecting what I believe are isoforms 4/5. If the antibody is indeed targeting amino acids 148-160, then do you have any insight as to the bands I am seeing?

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Feb 17 2012

    Answer

    I am sorry about the issues you have been having. Thank you for bringing this to our attention. As this product should not be recognizing the other forms of EMR2 it appears that you may be experiencing non specific background issues. I may be able to help you reduce or eliminate these issues if yopu could send me the details of your protocol and any images you may have. I've put a number of questions below which will help me to get the clearest possible picture of the issue you are facing. Please forgive me if we have spoken about some of these before as my notes are rather light in regard to whether we had spoken about your protocols.

    I see that you have been working with Human tissues, could you tell me the lysis buffer that you have used?

    Have you reduced and denatured your samples? Which method/buffers did you use?

    How much total protein did you use per well?

    Did you load a loading control? Which LC did you use? What were the results?

    Did you load a positive control? Which PC did you use? What were the results?

    What membrane type did you transfer to?

    What blocking steps did you use?

    What dilutions of this product did you use? How long and at what temperature was this antibody incubated?

    What was the secondary antibody that you have used? How long and at what temperature was this antibody incubated?

    Have you run a no primary antibody control blot? What were the results?

    What is the wash buffer that you use?

    Could you provide the Abcam order confirmation number or PO number used to purchase this?

    Thank you very much for taking the time to answer these questions. Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Feb 17 2012

    Question

    Thank you for your help. Regarding ab75190, I am detecting bands that I suspect are isomers 4 or 5 because the difference in size between the bands is at least 10 kD. The only isoforms that fit that possibility are 4 or 5. Is it possible that 75190 is detecting isoform 4/5? Furthermore, when you said that 75190 binds the first topological domain, I assume you are referring to the extracellular domain. Do you know specifically which part?

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Feb 14 2012

    Answer

    I have had to opportunity to speak with the lab further regarding this. The immunogen sequence for this product is:XXX which spans aaXXX-XXX (SwissProt: Q9UHX3Human). This sequence is within the excellular region and is not in isoforms 4 and 5. Are you experiencing non-specific background bands at these weights? It may help to adjust your protocol slightly to reduce or eliminate these. Some steps that may be taken include changing your blocking solution to 5% BSA if using milk, lowering the concentration of the primary antibody is often helpful as well. The antibody is covered under our Abpromise for six months and is guaranteed to work ib WBon humansamples. If you are experiencing issues with this product and we cannot resolve the issue you are having , then I would be happy to either send a replacement antibody or to process a refund. Please let me know if you have any questions or there are other ways that Abcam may help you meet your research goals.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Feb 16 2012

    Question

    We are getting bands at sizes that may be isomers. Is immunogen information about this available? Is there is any data about the products recognizing isoforms of the target proteins?

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Feb 13 2012

    Answer

    Thank you for contacting us.

    I have had the opportunity to speak with the labs in regard to your questions about these product.

    The immunogen sequence for each product is proprietary but the labs have run alignments and checked homologies with other isoforms. The results are as follows:



    ab122999: Based on the peptide immunogen used to generate our anti-EMR2 antibody (ARP61772_P050) and the UniProt EMR2 protein page (http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9UHX3), this antibody should recognize isoforms 1, 2, 3 and 4, as there is 100% homology. There is only 76% homology to isoform 5 (11 consecutive matches, 3 non-matches on the end of the 14aa immunogen), which is near the threshold of what we would predict for reactivity (80%).



    ab108368: We have not tested this antibody for recognition of other isoforms. Based on sequence analysis, the immunogen shares 100% identity with isoforms 2 and 3. It is predicted, but it is not a guarantee without testing.



    ab75190: Human EMR2 (CD312) has five isoforms (isoform 1-5). This antibody reacts with isoform 1, 2, and 3. It does not react with isoform 4 and 5. The reaction domain is extracellular domain (on the first topological domain)



    I hope this information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need any more advice or information.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Feb 13 2012

    Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES"
    For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com

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