Amyloid beta (Aβ)

​​Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) are a series of protein peptides formed following the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The presence of extracellular deposits of the protein, known as beta-amyloid plaques (extracellular deposits of the protein) within the brain is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. These plaques are formed by monomeric Aβ spontaneously assembling into soluble Aβ oligomers, which cluster together to form insoluble fibrils^1,2.  

Most of the Aβ peptides are 40 residues in length (Aβ 1–40), with a small percentage containing 42 residues (Aβ 1–42). Aβ 1–42 is considered more neurotoxic because the extra two amino acids provide a greater tendency to misfold and subsequently aggregate³. Elevated plasma levels of Aβ 1–42 have been correlated with Alzheimer’s disease⁴.

​Applications

Our range of beta-amyloid antibodies, kits, and proteins are validated for a variety of key applications including western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ELISA, and immunoprecipitation.​

	IHC image of beta Amyloid 1-42 staining in human brain Alzheimer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section*, performed on a Leica Bond™ system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab201060, 1µg/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times. *Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank, supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta Amyloid 1-42 antibody [mOC64] - Conformation-Specific (ab201060)

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References
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1. Hardy JA, Higgins GA. Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):184-5
2. DeTure MA, Dickson DW. The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular Neurodegeneration 14, Article number: 32 (2019) 
3. Ahmed, M. et al. Structural conversion of neurotoxic amyloid-Β 1-42 oligomers to fibrils. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17:561–567 (2010). doi:10.1038/nsmb.1799
4. Mayeux, R. et al. Plasma amyloid β-peptide 1-42 and incipient Alzheimer’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 46, 412–416 (1999). doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199909)46:3<412:AID-ANA19>3.0.CO;2-A