Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is a highly conserved, 27kDa dimeric glycoprotein, which belongs to the VEGF family alongside VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, and placenta growth factor (PIGF)¹. Common isoforms, generated as the result of alternative splicing include VEGFA121, VEGFA165, VEGFA189, and VEGFA206, which contain 121, 165, 189, and 206 amino acids respectively².

VEGFA is secreted by many cell types such as endothelial cells as well as tumors, and was originally shown to be an endothelial growth factor as well as a regulator of vascular permeability^3,4.  As VEGFA is a crucial regulator of angiogenesis, which accompanies growth of solid tumors, the targeting of VEGFA has revealed innovative therapeutic approaches in oncology, with the first VEGFA inhibitor approved in 2004 for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer⁵.
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Applications
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​Our range of anti-VEGFA antibodies, proteins, and ELISA kits are validated for use in a variety of key applications including western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA.

​	Purified ab52917 staining VEGF in NIH/3T3 (Mouse embryo fibroblast cell line) cells.The cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde (10 min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min and then blocked in 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1%PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated with purified ab52917 at 5 μg/ml and ab195884, at 1/250 dilution, overnight at +4°C, followed by a further incubation at room temperature for 1h with a Goat anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor®488 secondary (ab150081) at 2 μg/ml (shown in green). Nuclear DNA was labeled in blue with DAPI.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-VEGFA antibody [EP1176Y] (ab52917)
	IHC image of ab1316 staining VEGF in human cerebellum formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections, performed on a Leica Bond. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab1316, 5 μg/ml working concentration, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX. No primary antibody was used in the secondary only control (shown on the inset). For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-VEGFA antibody [VG-1] (ab1316)

1. ​Nagy, J. A., Dvorak, A. M., and Dvorak, H. F. VEGF-A and the Induction of Pathological Angiogenesis Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 2:251-275 (2007)
2. Sa-Nguanraksa, D., and O-Charoenrat, P. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor a polymorphisms in breast cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 13(11), 14845–14864 (2012)
3. Peach, C., Mignone, V. W., et al. Molecular Pharmacology of VEGF-A Isoforms: Binding and Signalling at VEGFR2 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19(4), 1264 (2018) 
4. Claesson-Welsh, L. and Welsh, M. VEGFA and tumour angiogenesis Journal of Internal Medicine 273(2) (2012)
5. Ferrara, N. and Adamis, A. P. Ten years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 15 pp. 385-403 (2016).