Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174) is part of the multiplex kits range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
Images
Key facts
- Reactive species
Human
- Target
PDCD1
Target data
Function
Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:21276005). Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2 (PubMed:21276005). Following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation (By similarity). Suppresses T-cell activation through the recruitment of PTPN11/SHP-2: following ligand-binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated within the ITSM motif, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2 that mediates dephosphorylation of key TCR proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta and CD247/CD3zeta (By similarity).The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28951311). The interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (PubMed:28951311). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (PubMed:22658127, PubMed:25034862, PubMed:25399552).
Alternative names
Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein PD-1, hPD-1, PD1, PDCD1
What's included?
Recommended products
Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174) is part of the multiplex kits range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
Alternative names
Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein PD-1, hPD-1, PD1, PDCD1
Key facts
- Reactive species
Human
- Target
PDCD1
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Storage information
-20°C
Notes
Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC ab278174 contains multiple trial-sized versions of anti-human antibody clones against PD-L1, PD1, LAG3, TIM 3, VISTA, CTLA4 and TIGIT specifically selected for high performance in various applications. They are provided as a sampler panel to allow you to easily evaluate each antibody.
For guidelines on how to use each antibody within the panel, please consult the individual datasheet for each antibody.
Panel contains:
- Rabbit monoclonal [73-10] to PD-L1 (20 μL) ab228415
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR4877(2)] to PD1 (20 μL) ab137132
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR20261] to LAG-3 (20 μL) ab209236
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR22241] to TIM 3 (20 μL) ab241332
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR21050] to VISTA (20 μL) ab230950
- Rabbit monoclonal [CAL49] to CTLA4 (20 μL) ab237712
- Rabbit monoclonal [BLR047F] to TIGIT - BSA free (20 μL) ab243903
Explore our range of antibody sample panels designed to provide you with a variety of trial-size antibodies in a convenient and cost-effective format.Carrier-free formulations of our recombinant antibodies are also available for easy conjugation to labels of your choice and for multiplex applications. Use our intuitive search and select carrier-free or your label of choice. For bespoke conjugations or large volumes email bespoke@abcam.com.
Supplementary info
- Activity summary
CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated protein 4) TIM 3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3) PD1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3) PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) and TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) are immune checkpoint molecules that play significant roles in immune regulation. They act as inhibitory receptors and ligands expressed on the surfaces of T cells and other immune cells modulating immune responses. For example CTLA4 has a mass of approximately 33 kDa and is primarily expressed on activated T cells while PD-L1 is found on B cells dendritic cells and some tumor cells. These molecules form an 'immune checkpoint panel' influencing T-cell receptor signaling cascades.
- Biological function summary
These immune checkpoint molecules regulate immune activation and tolerance to prevent overactive immune responses. They interact with specific ligands to transmit inhibitory signals that reduce the proliferation of T cells and diminish cytokine production. CTLA4 competes with CD28 to bind B7 molecules thereby inhibiting T cell activation. PD1 interaction with PD-L1 results in the suppression of T cell activity in tissues. These interactions are essential components of the immune system's self-tolerance mechanisms often working as part of larger protein complexes.
- Pathways
Immune checkpoints play integral roles in the immune regulation pathways that prevent autoimmune reactions and maintain immune homeostasis. CTLA4 and PD1 are linked to the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway inhibiting activation signals through interactions with their ligands. They relate closely to proteins like CD28 which has opposing effects on T cell activation. Their regulation involves complex signaling cascades including SHP2 and PI3K pathways which further control immune cell responses.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Dysregulation of immune checkpoints contributes to tumor immune evasion in cancer and the development of autoimmune diseases. In cancer overexpression of PD-L1 on tumor cells interacts with PD1 dampening immune surveillance and promoting tumor growth. In autoimmune diseases reduced function of these checkpoints can lead to excessive immune activation and tissue damage. For instance in psoriasis altered expression patterns of CTLA4 and PD1 may exacerbate inflammatory pathways. Understanding these interactions offers therapeutic opportunities using checkpoint inhibitors to restore immune balance and improve patient outcomes.
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15 product images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue labeling TIM 3 with Anti-TIM 3 antibody [EPR22241] ab241332 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining on Kupffer cells of human liver (PMID: 27192565) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue stained for TIGIT using Anti-TIGIT antibody [BLR047F] - BSA free ab243903 at 1/200 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis. A HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary. DAB staining.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling CTLA4 with Anti-CTLA4 antibody [CAL49] ab237712 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Positive staining on human tonsil is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 30 mins.
The section was incubated with Anti-CTLA4 antibody [CAL49] ab237712 for 30 mins at room temperature.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue stained for CTLA4 using Anti-CTLA4 antibody [CAL49] ab237712 at 0.25 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.
Incubate with primary antibody for 75 minutes at room temperature.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue labeling TIM 3 with Anti-TIM 3 antibody [EPR22241] ab241332 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining on both infiltrated immunocytes and tumor cells of human lung cancer (PMID: 22586058) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling LAG-3 with Anti-LAG-3 antibody [EPR20261] ab209236 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Sporadic cytoplasmic staining on immunocytes of human tonsil [PMID: 11527700; PMID: 16757686].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human tonsil tissue labeling PD1 with purified Anti-PD1 antibody [EPR4877(2)] ab137132 at 1/500. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051, an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) was used as the secondary antibody (1/500).
Negative control: Secondary antibody only using PBS instead of primary antibody. Counterstained with hematoxylin.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymph node tissue stained for CTLA4 using Anti-CTLA4 antibody [CAL49] ab237712 at 0.25 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.
Incubate with primary antibody for 75 minutes at room temperature.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human tonsil tissue labeling PD1 with Anti-PD1 antibody [EPR4877(2)] ab137132 at a dilution of 1/500. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using EDTA antigen retrieval solution, and microwave treatment for 20 min at 20% power. Anti-Rabbit HRP polymer was used as secondary antibody. Opal tyramide amplification was performed using Opal 540 fluorophore. Counterstained with DAPI stain.
Image scanned with Vectra 3.0 and analyzed via Inform software.
This image was courteously provided by Dr. Houssein Abdul Sater, Georgia Cancer Center.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human T-cell lymphoma tissue labeling PD1 with unpurified Anti-PD1 antibody [EPR4877(2)] ab137132 at a dilution of 1/250.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human tonsil tissue labeling PD1 with unpurified Anti-PD1 antibody [EPR4877(2)] ab137132 at a dilution of 1/250.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) of human placenta staining PD-L1 with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 at 1/500 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Bond™ Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 (pH 9.0) for 10 mins. The section was incubated with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 for 10 mins at room temperature. The secondary antibody used was ready to use Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101). Counter stained Hematoxylin. Performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) of human lung carcinoma staining PD-L1 with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 at 1/500 dilution. Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Bond™ Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 (pH 9.0) for 10 mins. The section was incubated with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 for 10 mins at room temperature. The secondary antibody used was ready to use Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101). Counter stained Hematoxylin. Performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta tissue labeling PD-L1 with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 at 1/5000 dilution. The tissue was incubated with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 at 4? overnight. followed by Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) ready to use. Membranous and cytoplasmic staining in human placenta (PMID: 12538684) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101).
Antigen retrieval: Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (10X) (Universal HIER antigen retrieval reagent (10X) ab208572).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint panel 1 - Human IHC (ab278174)
IHC image of Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415 staining PD-L1 in human tonsil formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections*, performed on a Leica BOND RX (standard Protocol F, Polymer Refine kit).
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA buffer (pH9, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 30 mins at 98°C. The section was then incubated with Anti-PD-L1 antibody [73-10] ab228415, 0.06μg/ml working concentration, for 15 mins at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system for 8 minutes at room temperature. DAB was used as the chromogen for 10 minutes at room temperature. The section was then counterstained with hematoxylin, blued, dehydrated, cleared and mounted with DPX.
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.
*Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank, supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
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