T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018) is part of the multiplex kits range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
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- Heliyon 9:e226562023Comprehensive analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data identifies B cell marker genes signature that predicts prognosis and analysis of immune checkpoints expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesDilinaer Wusiman,Wenbin Li,Lei Guo,Zehao Huang,Yi Zhang,Xiwei Zhang,Xiaohui Zhao,Lin Li,Zhaohong An,Zhengjiang Li,Jianming Ying,Changming AnPubMed 38125461
- Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 46:154-1592023Immune Co-inhibitory Receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT, LAG-3, and TIM-3 in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: A Large Cohort Study.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShengming Jin,Zhi Shang,Wenwen Wang,Chengyuan Gu,Yu Wei,Yu Zhu,Chen Yang,Tiantian Zhang,Yao Zhu,Yiping Zhu,Junlong Wu,Dingwei YePubMed 37017991
Key facts
- Reactive species
Human
- Target
PDCD1
(See target data below)
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Target data
Function
Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:21276005). Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2 (PubMed:21276005). Following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation (By similarity). Suppresses T-cell activation through the recruitment of PTPN11/SHP-2: following ligand-binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated within the ITSM motif, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2 that mediates dephosphorylation of key TCR proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta and CD247/CD3zeta (By similarity).The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28951311). The interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (PubMed:28951311). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (PubMed:22658127, PubMed:25034862, PubMed:25399552).
Targets
CTLA4, HAVCR2, LAG3, TIGIT
Alternative names
Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein PD-1, hPD-1, PD1, PDCD1
What's included?
Recommended products
T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018) is part of the multiplex kits range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
Alternative names
Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein PD-1, hPD-1, PD1, PDCD1
Key facts
- Reactive species
Human
- Target
PDCD1
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Storage information
-20°C
Notes
T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC ab254018 contains multiple trial-sized versions of anti-human antibody clones against PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT, specifically selected for high performance in IHC. This panel contains 4 recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies against human CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT and 1 mouse monoclonal antibody against human PD1. They are provided as a sampler panel to allow you to easily evaluate each in your required applications.
For guidelines on how to use each antibody within the panel, please consult the individual datasheet for each antibody.
Panel contains:
- Mouse monoclonal [NAT105] to PD1 (20 μg) ab52587
- Rabbit monoclonal [CAL49] to CTLA4 (20 μL) ab237712
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR22241] to TIM 3 (20 μL) ab241332
- Rabbit monoclonal [EPR20261] to LAG-3 (20 μL) ab209236
- Rabbit monoclonal [BLR047F] to TIGIT (20 μL) ab243903
Explore our range of antibody sample panels designed to provide you with a variety of trial-size antibodies in a convenient and cost-effective format.Carrier-free formulations of our recombinant antibodies are also available for easy conjugation to labels of your choice and for multiplex applications. Use our intuitive search and select carrier-free or your label of choice. For bespoke conjugations or large volumes email bespoke@abcam.com.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
Supplementary info
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
CTLA4 TIM-3 PD1 LAG-3 and TIGIT are important immune checkpoint proteins that play integral roles in regulating immune responses. Commonly referred to by their official gene symbols these proteins act as negative regulators of immune activation. CTLA4 for instance is a protein with an approximate molecular mass of 25 kDa and is expressed mainly on activated T cells and regulatory T cells. PD1 or Programmed cell death protein 1 shares a similar function and is expressed on T cells B cells and myeloid cells. LAG-3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3) and TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) also contribute to immune modulation by limiting T cell activation. These proteins serve as exhaustion markers on T cells indicating immune regulation.
- Biological function summary
These checkpoint proteins are part of the immune system's regulatory machinery and function to maintain self-tolerance and control immune responses to prevent tissue damage. For example CTLA4 competes with CD28 for binding to B7 molecules modulating early T cell activation. PD1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 deliver inhibitory signals that reduce T cell activity. TIM-3 interacts with various ligands and has roles in T cell exhaustion. LAG-3 and TIGIT also convey inhibitory signals that reduce the activity of T cells through distinct mechanisms making them key exhaustion markers in the immune system.
- Pathways
These immune checkpoints are closely linked to the immune synapse and adaptive immune pathways. CTLA4 and PD1 play central roles in the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways which are critical for immune homeostasis and tolerance. CTLA4 interacts with CD80 and CD86 part of the CD28 family pathway to modulate T cell responses. PD1 associates with its ligand PD-L1 in pathways that control the fine balance of immunity. LAG-3 and TIM-3 also participate in signaling pathways that regulate T cell exhaustion tying their function to critical immune regulation networks.
- Associated diseases and disorders
These immune checkpoint proteins have significant implications in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Dysregulation and overexpression of CTLA4 and PD1 are associated with cancer's ability to evade the immune system marking their importance as exhaustion markers in tumor environments. LAG-3 and TIGIT are also involved with LAG-3 contributing to cancer and autoimmune conditions by interfering with normal immune activity. Autoimmune disorders see alterations in these pathways where inadequate checkpoint function leads to excessive immune activity. Understanding their role is pivotal in developing therapies that target these checkpoint proteins for anti-cancer and autoimmunity treatments.
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6 product images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue stained for TIGIT using Anti-TIGIT antibody [BLR047F] - BSA free ab243903 at 1/200 dilution in immunohistochemical analysis. A HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary. DAB staining.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue labeling TIM 3 with Anti-TIM 3 antibody [EPR22241] ab241332 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining on both infiltrated immunocytes and tumor cells of human lung cancer (PMID: 22586058) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil Hodgkin's lymphoma labeling Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 with Anti-LAG-3 antibody [EPR20261] ab209236 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Cytoplasmic staining on immunocytes of the human Hodgkin's lymphoma [PMID: 11527700; PMID: 16757686].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue labeling TIM 3 with Anti-TIM 3 antibody [EPR22241] ab241332 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining on Kupffer cells of human liver (PMID: 27192565) is observed. Counter stained with hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ready to use.
Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Buffer (100X Tris-EDTA Buffer, pH 9.0) ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 with Anti-LAG-3 antibody [EPR20261] ab209236 at 1/1000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Sporadic cytoplasmic staining on immunocytes of human tonsil [PMID: 11527700; PMID: 16757686].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - T Cell Exhaustion Marker (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT) Antibody Panel - Human, IHC (ab254018)
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue stained for CTLA4 using Anti-CTLA4 antibody [CAL49] ab237712 at 0.25 μg/ml in immunohistochemical analysis.
Incubate with primary antibody for 75 minutes at room temperature.
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