AOPP Assay Kit

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body leading to potential cellular damage. Mechanically this process involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide and hydrogen peroxide which cells produce during normal metabolic activities. Important markers detecting oxidative stress include 'H₂DCFDA' and 'DCFH-DA' recognized through assays like the 'DCFDA assay' or 'DCF-DA' assay. Oxidative stress components do not pertain to a specific mass as they represent chemical states rather than proteins or macromolecular structures. The process occurs within various cell types and tissues indicating widespread expression.

Biological function summary

Oxidative stress impacts cell functioning by affecting lipids proteins and DNA. It operates as part of cellular metabolism involving antioxidant defense mechanisms. Not forming a classical complex oxidative stress often requires interaction with enzymatic systems such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Cells maintain homeostasis through regulation mechanisms that mitigate ROS impact protecting vital cellular components from oxidative damage.

Pathways

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in signaling pathways such as the NRF2 pathway and the MAPK pathway. The NRF2 pathway regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage while the MAPK pathway relates to cellular responses like apoptosis or proliferation due to ROS signals. Key proteins involved include NRF2 itself and the MAP kinases forming an interlinked network responding to oxidative challenges.

Associated diseases and disorders

Oxidative stress has associations with conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. For example heightened oxidative stress can lead cells towards carcinogenesis with p53 protein exhibiting a role in mediating DNA repair and apoptosis in damaged cells. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's proteins like amyloid-beta become involved due to oxidative damage contributing to protein aggregation and neuronal dysfunction. Understanding the relationships between oxidative stress and such conditions highlights the importance of redox balance in maintaining health.