Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit is designed for determining the Complex II activity in a human, mouse, rat or bovine sample.
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- Phytotherapy research : PTR 38:2496-25172024Quercetin inhibits necroptosis in cardiomyocytes after ischemia-reperfusion via DNA-PKcs-SIRT5-orchestrated mitochondrial quality control.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesXing Chang,Qin Zhang,Yu Huang,Jinfeng Liu,Yanli Wang,Xuanke Guan,Qiaomin Wu,Zhiming Liu,Ruxiu LiuPubMed 38447978
- Molecular metabolism 77:1018022023Partial skeletal muscle-specific Drp1 knockout enhances insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice, but not in lean mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBenjamin A Kugler,Jared Lourie,Nicolas Berger,Nana Lin,Paul Nguyen,Edzana DosSantos,Abir Ali,Amira Sesay,H Grace Rosen,Baby Kalemba,Gregory M Hendricks,Joseph A Houmard,Hiromi Sesaki,Philimon Gona,Tongjian You,Zhen Yan,Kai ZouPubMed 37690520
- Nature communications 14:54962023The master energy homeostasis regulator PGC-1α exhibits an mRNA nuclear export function.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSimeon R Mihaylov,Lydia M Castelli,Ya-Hui Lin,Aytac Gül,Nikita Soni,Christopher Hastings,Helen R Flynn,Oana Păun,Mark J Dickman,Ambrosius P Snijders,Robert Goldstone,Oliver Bandmann,Tatyana A Shelkovnikova,Heather Mortiboys,Sila K Ultanir,Guillaume M HautberguePubMed 37679383
- Cell communication and signaling : CCS 21:1922023Decreased MFN2 activates the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion by triggering the release of mitochondrial DNA.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYonghong Xiong,Yan Leng,Hao Tian,Xinqi Deng,Wenyuan Li,Wei Li,Zhongyuan XiaPubMed 37537600
- International journal of molecular sciences 24:2023Acute Ozone-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Rat Hippocampus and Hypothalamus Are Sex-Specific.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMatthew C Valdez,Danielle L Freeborn,Padmaja Vulimiri,Joseph M Valdez,Urmila P Kodavanti,Prasada Rao S KodavantiPubMed 37047376
- Cell metabolism 35:299-315.e82023Sodium perturbs mitochondrial respiration and induces dysfunctional Tregs.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBeatriz F Côrte-Real,Ibrahim Hamad,Rebeca Arroyo Hornero,Sabrina Geisberger,Joris Roels,Lauren Van Zeebroeck,Aleksandra Dyczko,Marike W van Gisbergen,Henry Kurniawan,Allon Wagner,Nir Yosef,Susanne N Y Weiss,Klaus G Schmetterer,Agnes Schröder,Luka Krampert,Stefanie Haase,Hendrik Bartolomaeus,Niels Hellings,Yvan Saeys,Ludwig J Dubois,Dirk Brenner,Stefan Kempa,David A Hafler,Johannes Stegbauer,Ralf A Linker,Jonathan Jantsch,Dominik N Müller,Markus KleinewietfeldPubMed 36754020
- Diabetologia 66:913-9302023Chaperonin counteracts diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by aiding sirtuin 3 in the control of fatty acid oxidation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShao-Wen Weng,Jian-Ching Wu,Feng-Chih Shen,Yen-Hsiang Chang,Yu-Jih Su,Wei-Shiung Lian,Ming-Hong Tai,Chia-Hao Su,Jiin-Haur Chuang,Tsu-Kung Lin,Chia-Wei Liou,Tian-Huei Chu,Ying-Hsien Kao,Feng-Sheng Wang,Pei-Wen WangPubMed 36692509
- Heliyon 8:e120832022Baicalin improves the energy levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShuaifei Lu,Caiyin Li,Xiaohui Jin,Leilei Zhu,Jiduo Shen,Ming Bai,Yucheng Li,Erping XuPubMed 36531636
- Cell death & disease 13:9882022COX7A1 enhances the sensitivity of human NSCLC cells to cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis via regulating mitochondrial metabolism.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYetong Feng,Jiayi Xu,Mengjiao Shi,Rongrong Liu,Lei Zhao,Xin Chen,Miaomiao Li,Yaping Zhao,Jiahui Chen,Wenjing Du,Pengfei LiuPubMed 36418320
- Neurobiology of stress 21:1004992022Dihydromyricetin ameliorates social isolation-induced anxiety by modulating mitochondrial function, antioxidant enzymes, and BDNF.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAlzahra J Al Omran,Saki Watanabe,Ethan C Hong,Samantha G Skinner,Mindy Zhang,Jifeng Zhang,Xuesi M Shao,Jing LiangPubMed 36532369
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Tissue Lysate, Purified mitochondria, Cell Lysate
- Assay type
- Enzyme activity
- Reactive species
- Mouse, Rat, Cow, Human
- Assay time
- 3h
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Target data
Function
Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) (PubMed:10746566, PubMed:24781757). SDH also oxidizes malate to the non-canonical enol form of oxaloacetate, enol-oxaloacetate (By similarity). Enol-oxaloacetate, which is a potent inhibitor of the succinate dehydrogenase activity, is further isomerized into keto-oxaloacetate (By similarity). Can act as a tumor suppressor (PubMed:20484225).
Alternative names
SDH2, SDHF, SDHA, Flavoprotein subunit of complex II, Malate dehydrogenase [quinone] flavoprotein subunit, Fp
What's included?
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Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit is designed for determining the Complex II activity in a human, mouse, rat or bovine sample.
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Tissue Lysate, Purified mitochondria, Cell Lysate
- Assay type
- Enzyme activity
- Reactive species
- Mouse, Rat, Cow, Human
- Assay time
- 3h
- Assay Platform
- Microplate reader
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Dry Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- Multi
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- Multi
- Storage information
- Please refer to protocols
Notes
Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit is designed for determining the Complex II activity in a human, mouse, rat or bovine sample. Each of the 96 wells in the kit has been coated with an anti-Complex II monoclonal antibody (mAb) which purifies the enzyme from a complex sample such as mitochondria, tissue homogenate or cell lysate. After this in-well purification the production of ubiquinol by the enzyme is coupled to the reduction of the dye DCPIP (2,6-diclorophenolindophenol) and a decreases in its absorbance at 600 nm, which in turn recycles the substrate ubiquinone.
Succinate, Ubiquinone 2, DCPIP and Phospholipids should be stored at -80°C. All other components should be stored at 4°C. **Related products** Review the , or the full to learn about more assays for metabolites, metabolic enzymes, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, and also how to assay metabolic function in live cells using your plate reader.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Complex II also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase plays an important mechanical role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate while reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol. The enzyme complex is approximately 140 kDa in mass and resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex II is expressed in most tissues particularly in high-energy demand tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscles.
- Biological function summary
Complex II functions as part of the larger electron transport chain complex and plays a role in the Krebs cycle. It links two critical metabolic pathways converting succinate to fumarate while transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. This makes it integral for proper cellular respiration and energy production. The complex consists of multiple subunits and utilizes co-factors like FAD and iron-sulfur clusters for enzymatic activity. It is also a part of the supercomplexes that optimize the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.
- Pathways
Complex II plays a significant role in both the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a connecting bridge between these two pathways facilitating the flow of electrons. Complex II works alongside other proteins such as complex I and complex III to maintain the electron transport chain's function and energy production. Succinate dehydrogenase transfers electrons within the chain directly affecting the generation of ATP by complex V (ATP synthase).
- Associated diseases and disorders
Dysfunction of complex II is associated with mitochondrial diseases and cancers. Mutations or deficiencies in its subunits can lead to conditions like Leigh syndrome and hereditary paraganglioma. These conditions frequently involve other mitochondrial proteins and complexes such as complex I which can exacerbate the electron transport chain dysfunction. In cancers alterations in succinate dehydrogenase activity can result in oncogenic metabolisms by falsely stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factors linking it further with the genetic and metabolic regulation.
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Functional Studies - Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit (ab109908)
Abcam's enzyme activity assays apply a novel approach, whereby target enzymes are first immunocaptured from tissue or cell samples before subsequent functional analysis. All of our ELISA kits utilize highly validated monoclonal antibodies and proprietary buffers, which are able to capture even very large enzyme complexes in their fully-intact, functionally-active states.
Capture antibodies are pre-coated in the wells of premium Nunc MaxiSorp™ modular microplates, which can be broken into 8-well strips. After the target has been immobilized in the well, substrate is added, and enzyme activity is analyzed by measuring the change in absorbance of either the substrate or the product of the reaction (depending upon which enzyme is being analyzed). By analyzing the enzyme's activity in an isolated context, outside of the cell and free from any other variables, an accurate measurement of the enzyme's functional state can be understood.
Functional Studies - Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit (ab109908)
Figure 1. Example of raw data. Note the lag period before activity. Also note the activity of mitochondria (BHM, bovine heart mitochondria) is higher than whole cell lysate (HepG2, human hepatoblastoma) and the reaction ends at >1600 seconds because the substrates are used up.
Functional Studies - Complex II Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit (ab109908)
Figure 2. This assay is compatible with different sample types such as mitochondria, tissue or cell lysates and in multiple species including human and rodent samples. Typical linear range data are shown for ab109908.
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