Complex IV Rodent Immunocapture Kit ab109860 allows for isolation of the cytochrome c oxidase complex from small amounts of tissue.
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Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
COX4, COX4I1, Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, COX IV-1
Complex IV Rodent Immunocapture Kit ab109860 allows for isolation of the cytochrome c oxidase complex from small amounts of tissue.
Complex IV Rodent Immunocapture Kit ab109860 allows for isolation of the cytochrome c oxidase complex from small amounts of tissue.
250 μg, 500 μg or 750 μg monoclonal antibodies irreversibly crosslinked to protein G-agarose beads which can immunocapture ~25 μg, ~50 μg or ~75 μg respectively of Complex IV from heart mitochondria.
This kit facilitates the analysis of both assembly state and accrued post-translational modifications of all 13 subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. The immunoprecipitated Complex IV shows cytochrome c oxidase activity while bound to the beads and this activity is fully sensitive to cyanide. Uses for ab109860 include but are not limited to examining alterations of Complex IV subunits in inherited mitochondrial diseases, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and cancer.
Note: The immunocapture protocol for this kit requires Abcam detergent lauryl maltoside (10% Lauryl Maltoside Solution ab109857/MS910).
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Complex IV also known as cytochrome c oxidase is an important component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. This enzyme complex has significant mass approximately 204 kDa and operates primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen facilitating ATP generation. Complex IV is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues with higher expression in organs with high energy demands like heart and skeletal muscle. This enzyme is composed of multiple subunits encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
Cytochrome c oxidase plays a critical role in cellular respiration. It forms part of the larger enzyme complex which also includes Complex I II and III. These complexes work together to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. This enzyme's activity is measured through assays like the cytochrome c oxidase assay which evaluates its function in various tissues. These assays help researchers understand how effectively electrons are being transferred and protons are driven across the membrane.
Complex IV is integral to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the broader mitochondrial respiratory chain. It interacts closely with cytochrome c a small heme protein that shuttles electrons between Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and Complex IV. Through these interactions the proton gradient is established enabling ATP synthase to convert chemical energy into usable cell energy. This process significantly impacts cellular metabolism and energy production influencing how efficiently cells function.
Complex IV dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial diseases and certain neurodegenerative disorders. For instance defects in cytochrome c oxidase lead to conditions like Leigh syndrome a severe neurological disorder. Also studies show that disruptions in the electron transport chain involving Complex IV relate closely to Alzheimer’s disease. Alterations in proteins like cytochrome c which work in tandem with Complex IV can exacerbate these conditions highlighting the importance of this target in understanding and potentially treating these diseases.
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