Glycolysis Assay ab197244 is an easy mix-and-measure, 96 well fluorescence plate reader-based approach for the analysis of extracellular acidification (ECA/ECAR).
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Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (PubMed:19015259). Acts as a negative regulator of glycolysis by lowering intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation and NADPH production (PubMed:16839880, PubMed:22887998). Contributes to the generation of reduced glutathione to cause a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, correlating with its ability to protect cells from oxidative or metabolic stress-induced cell death (PubMed:16839880, PubMed:19713938, PubMed:22887998, PubMed:23726973, PubMed:23817040). Plays a role in promoting protection against cell death during hypoxia by decreasing mitochondria ROS levels in a HK2-dependent manner through a mechanism that is independent of its fructose-bisphosphatase activity (PubMed:23185017). In response to cardiac damage stress, mediates p53-induced inhibition of myocyte mitophagy through ROS levels reduction and the subsequent inactivation of BNIP3. Reduced mitophagy results in an enhanced apoptotic myocyte cell death, and exacerbates cardiac damage (By similarity). Plays a role in adult intestinal regeneration; contributes to the growth, proliferation and survival of intestinal crypts following tissue ablation (PubMed:23726973). Plays a neuroprotective role against ischemic brain damage by enhancing PPP flux and preserving mitochondria functions (By similarity). Protects glioma cells from hypoxia- and ROS-induced cell death by inhibiting glycolysis and activating mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxygen consumption in a TKTL1-dependent and p53/TP53-independent manner (PubMed:22887998). Plays a role in cancer cell survival by promoting DNA repair through activating PPP flux in a CDK5-ATM-dependent signaling pathway during hypoxia and/or genome stress-induced DNA damage responses (PubMed:25928429). Involved in intestinal tumor progression (PubMed:23726973).
C12orf5, TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, TP53-induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase
Glycolysis Assay ab197244 is an easy mix-and-measure, 96 well fluorescence plate reader-based approach for the analysis of extracellular acidification (ECA/ECAR).
Glycolysis Assay [Extracellular Acidification] (ab197244) is an easy mix-and-measure, 96 well fluorescence plate reader-based approach for the analysis of extracellular acidification (ECA/ECAR). As lactate production is the main contributor to this acidification, ab197244 is a convenient and informative measure of cellular glycolytic flux. Such measurements offer an important insight into the central role played by altered glycolytic activity in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cellular adaptation to hypoxia and ischemia, and the development and progression of tumorigenesis.
The performance of Glycolysis Assay facilitates sensitive robust microtiter-plate based measurements, thereby overcoming many of the problems associated with the more cumbersome potentiometric pH approach. Rates of extracellular acidification are calculated from changes in fluorescence signal over time and, as the measurement is non-destructive and fully reversible (pH-sensitive reagent is not consumed), measurement of time-courses and multiple drug treatments are possible.
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Typical Lifetime profile of Glycolysis Assay for adherent cells, treated with typical control compounds, including Oxamic acid recommended as a negative control. The effect of Glucose Oxidase as a positive signal control is illustrated schematically.
Simultaneous quantification of mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic flux.
Cellular Energy Flux for HepG2 cells (seeded at 65,000 per well), treated with a combination of drug compounds modulating the ETC (Antimycin A [1 μM] and FCCP [2.5 μM]), shown as a percentage relative to untreated control cells. Comparative measurements were taken with Extracellular Oxygen Consumption Assay (Extracellular Oxygen Consumption Assay ab197243) (white column) and Glycolysis Assay [Extracellular acidification] (ab197244) (black column) show the shift between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis and the cellular control of energy (ATP; measured 1h post-treatment using Luminescent ATP Detection Assay kit (Luminescent ATP Detection Assay Kit ab113849) (striped column)).
Excitation and Emission spectra of Glycolysis Assay. Left panel shows normalized excitation (Ex 340 – 410nm; Peak 360-380nm). Right panel shows emission maxima (Em 590, 615 and 690nm) fold increase between pH6.0 and pH7.5.
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