Homocysteine Assay Kit (Fluorometric) (ab228559) allows for quantification of total homocysteine in biological fluids such as plasma and serum.
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- Communications biology 6:5602023Spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype in a mouse model of acid ceramidase deficiency.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMurtaza S Nagree,Jitka Rybova,Annie Kleynerman,Carissa J Ahrenhoerster,Jennifer T Saville,TianMeng Xu,Maxwell Bachochin,William M McKillop,Michael W Lawlor,Alexey V Pshezhetsky,Olena Isaeva,Matthew D Budde,Maria Fuller,Jeffrey A MedinPubMed 37231125
- American journal of translational research 14:7451-74582022Peripheral iridectomy for glaucoma is more effective than compound trabeculectomy and significantly reduces Hcy and hs-CRP levels.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYanlin Gao,Qi Zhao,Haoqing Li,Jingmin Li,Peiyu LiPubMed 36398238
- Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 27:107602962110354462021miR-124 Is Downregulated in Serum of Acute Cerebral Infarct Patients and Shows Diagnostic and Prognostic Value.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesXiaojuan Zhou,Lizhong QiPubMed 34702084
- Cell reports 36:1097532021Vitamin B impacts amyloid beta-induced proteotoxicity by regulating the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAndy B Lam,Kirsten Kervin,Jessica E TanisPubMed 34592146
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of 117:15837-158452020Vitamin B12 and folic acid alleviate symptoms of nutritional deficiency by antagonizing aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesDaniel J Kim et. al.PubMed 32571957
- Nutrients 12:2020Acid Hydrolyzed Silk Peptide Consumption Improves Anti-Diabetic Symptoms by Potentiating Insulin Secretion and Preventing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Animals.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSunmin Park,Ting Zhang,Jing Yi Qiu,Xuangao Wu,Jeong-Yong Lee,Boo-Yong LeePubMed 31991596
- Molecular medicine reports 20:1404-14102019Methylation in the TP53 promoter is associated with ischemic stroke.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYan Wei,Zhongzheng Sun,Yun Wang,Zhaohong Xie,Shunliang Xu,Yingying Xu,Xiaoyan Zhou,Jianzhong Bi,Zhengyu ZhuPubMed 31173230
- Frontiers in physiology 10:5982019Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSumit Kar et. al.PubMed 31178749
Key facts
- Detection method
Fluorescent
- Sample types
Plasma, Serum
- Assay type
Quantitative
- Sensitivity
= 5 µM
Target data
Alternative names
(2S) 2 amino 4 sulfanyl butanoic acid
What's included?
Recommended products
Homocysteine Assay Kit (Fluorometric) (ab228559) allows for quantification of total homocysteine in biological fluids such as plasma and serum.
Alternative names
(2S) 2 amino 4 sulfanyl butanoic acid
Key facts
- Detection method
Fluorescent
- Sample types
Plasma, Serum
- Assay type
Quantitative
- Assay Platform
Microplate reader
- Sensitivity
= 5 µM
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Storage information
-20°C
Notes
Homocysteine Assay Kit (Fluorometric) (ab228559) allows for quantification of total homocysteine in biological fluids such as plasma and serum. The assay is based on the reduction of homocysteine disulfides to free homocysteine, which is cleaved by a homocysteine-selective enzyme, generating an intermediate product. The intermediate reacts with a probe solution to form a stable fluorophore that emits in the far-red spectrum (Ex/Em = 658/708 nm). The assay is not affected by physiological concentrations of other biological thiols (such as cysteine, methionine and glutathione), is high-throughput adaptable and can detect as low as 5 μM homocysteine.
This product is manufactured by BioVision, an Abcam company and was previously called K531 Homocysteine Assay Kit (Fluorometric). K531-100 is the same size as the 100 test size of ab228559.
Homocysteine is a non-proteogenic amino acid synthesized intracellularly by removal of the N-methyl group from the essential amino acid methionine. Homocysteine is exported from cells into the blood, where it exists mainly as an oxidized disulfide species, either as a dimer or bound to cysteine residues of serum proteins. The reduced form of homocysteine ('free' homocysteine) can be metabolized into cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway; however, it can also undergo intramolecular cyclization, forming the highly reactive pro-oxidant homocysteine thiolactone. Subsequent N-homocysteinylation of protein lysine residues by the reactive thiolactone disrupts protein conformation, leading to formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates. Homocysteinylated proteins may also act as autoantigens, triggering arterial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is a clinical biomarker for increased risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Severely elevated homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) are correlated with a 4-fold increase in mortality due to heart attack and a 16-fold increase in the likelihood of recurrent stroke.
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Supplementary info
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid existing mainly in blood plasma and tissues. It is not incorporated directly into proteins but it is converted into other amino acids. Homocysteine originates from methionine an essential amino acid consumed through diet. Homocysteine mass is approximately 135.18 g/mol. It is expressed in the liver kidney and vascular endothelium. Alternative names for homocysteine include Hc and Hcy. The homocysteine test kit is used for quantitative detection of this amino acid in biological samples.
- Biological function summary
Homocysteine participates in critical cell processes. It acts within the one-carbon metabolism pathway where it contributes to methylation and sulfur transfer. Homocysteine exists in various forms including free and protein-bound states and it is a precursor for the synthesis of other important molecules like cysteine and taurine. Homocysteine is not part of a large protein complex but interacts with enzymes such as cystathionine β-synthase and methionine synthase.
- Pathways
Homocysteine plays a significant role in methylation and transsulfuration pathways. In the methylation pathway homocysteine influences the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) a universal methyl donor involved in DNA methylation. In the transsulfuration pathway homocysteine transforms to cysteine through lyase activity involving the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase. This process is interconnected with proteins like folate and vitamin B12 essential for homocysteine metabolism.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Elevated homocysteine levels correlate with cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. High homocysteine can promote oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's homocysteine can induce inflammation and neuronal injury. Proteins such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine β-synthase are key in these contexts as mutations or dysfunctions in these enzymes can exacerbate homocysteine-related pathologies.
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ELISA - Homocysteine Assay Kit (Fluorometric) (ab228559)
Typical Homocysteine standard curve and assay data.
(a) Homocysteine standard curve. (b) Specificity for detection of Homocysteine (HCY) over other thiols. At an 8-fold molar excess versus HCY, cysteine (CYS) contributes ≤15% interference, while methionine (MET) and glutathione (GSH) contribute ≤2%. (c) Estimation of total HCY in single-donor human plasma and serum (10 μl), spiked with 50 pmol Homocysteine Disulphide Standard (equivalent to 100 pmol or 10 μM free HCY). Total HCY concentrations for plasma and serum samples were 10.1 ± 0.28 μM and 15.9 ± 0.99 μM, with respective spike recoveries of 95.1% and 103.4%. Data are mean ± SEM of 3 replicates, assayed according to the kit protocol.
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