Luxol Fast Blue Stain Kit (Myelin Stain)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that insulates nerve fibers in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is mainly composed of protein and lipids contributing to its unique insulative properties. Proteolipid protein (PLP) in the CNS and myelin protein zero (MPZ) in the PNS serve as major structural components. Oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS specifically express this sheath around axons. Myelin does not have a specific mass as it describes the structure rather than a single protein or molecule. Its role in speeding up electrical signals along neurons is recognized by various staining techniques such as Luxol Fast Blue and myelin staining which are helpful in visualizing its structure.

Biological function summary

Myelin plays an important role in the nervous system by facilitating rapid signal transmission between neurons. Myelin enables saltatory conduction where impulses jump from one Node of Ranvier to the next significantly increasing signal speed and efficiency. Its contribution to the formation of the myelin sheath involves interactions with other proteins forming a complex and stable structure. For instance proteins like myelin basic protein (MBP) and PLP integrate into the myelin membrane to ensure compact and stable layering.

Pathways

Myelination integrates closely with the development and function of nerve axons. The myelination process involves the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which promotes myelin growth and sustains myelin sheath maintenance. Other pathways such as the Nrg1/ErbB pathway regulate Schwann cell function and influence axon myelination. Key proteins related through these pathways include ErbB receptors which interact with neuregulin-1 to influence myelin formation and maintenance.

Associated diseases and disorders

Myelin degradation significantly impacts multiple sclerosis (MS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). In MS demyelination results from an autoimmune response against myelin leading to neurological dysfunctions. Disorders like CMT involve mutations in genes coding for myelin proteins such as PMP22 causing peripheral nerve damage. Both of these conditions highlight the essential connection between myelin and proper nervous system operation with potential disorders disrupting signaling and leading to a range of neurological symptoms.