Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693) is used to determine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity (MDH2) in a sample.
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- Nature communications 14:43602023Nuclear translocation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases as an adaptive cardioprotective mechanism.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShubhi Srivastava,Priyanka Gajwani,Jordan Jousma,Hiroe Miyamoto,Youjeong Kwon,Arundhati Jana,Peter T Toth,Gege Yan,Sang-Ging Ong,Jalees RehmanPubMed 37468519
- Molecular genetics and metabolism reports 33:1009312022Malate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency is an emerging cause of pediatric epileptic encephalopathy with a recognizable biochemical signature.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJessica R C Priestley,Lisa M Pace,Kuntal Sen,Anjali Aggarwal,Cesar Augusto P F Alves,Ian M Campbell,Sanmati R Cuddapah,Nicole M Engelhardt,Marina Eskandar,Paloma C Jolín García,Andrea Gropman,Ingo Helbig,Xinying Hong,Vykuntaraju K Gowda,Laina Lusk,Pamela Trapane,Varunvenkat M Srinivasan,Pim Suwannarat,Rebecca D GanetzkyPubMed 36420423
- Biomolecules 12:2022Inhibition of Malate Dehydrogenase-2 Protects Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells from Anoxia-Reoxygenation-Induced Death or Senescence.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTheodoros Eleftheriadis,Georgios Pissas,Spyridon Golfinopoulos,Maria Efthymiadi,Vassilios Liakopoulos,Ioannis StefanidisPubMed 36291624
- Nutrients 14:2022The Role of Palmitoleic Acid in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through SIRT3 in Obese Mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesXin Guo,Xiaofan Jiang,Keyun Chen,Qijian Liang,Shixiu Zhang,Juan Zheng,Xiaomin Ma,Hongmei Jiang,Hao Wu,Qiang TongPubMed 35406095
- Clinical genetics 101:260-2642021Bi-allelic variants in MDH2: Expanding the clinical phenotype.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesChiara Ticci,Claudia Nesti,Anna Rubegni,Stefano Doccini,Jacopo Baldacci,Flavio Dal Canto,Luca Ragni,Duccio M Cordelli,Maria Alice Donati,Filippo M SantorelliPubMed 34766628
- The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 107:668-6842021Gain of Function of Malate Dehydrogenase 2 and Familial Hyperglycemia.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPrapaporn Jungtrakoon Thamtarana,Antonella Marucci,Luca Pannone,Amélie Bonnefond,Serena Pezzilli,Tommaso Biagini,Patinut Buranasupkajorn,Timothy Hastings,Christine Mendonca,Lorella Marselli,Rosa Di Paola,Zuroida Abubakar,Luana Mercuri,Federica Alberico,Elisabetta Flex,Julian Ceròn,Montserrat Porta-de-la-Riva,Ornella Ludovico,Massimo Carella,Simone Martinelli,Piero Marchetti,Tommaso Mazza,Philippe Froguel,Vincenzo Trischitta,Alessandro Doria,Sabrina PrudentePubMed 34718610
- Cell stem cell 27:748-764.e42020Nicotinamide Metabolism Mediates Resistance to Venetoclax in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesCourtney L Jones,Brett M Stevens,Daniel A Pollyea,Rachel Culp-Hill,Julie A Reisz,Travis Nemkov,Sarah Gehrke,Fabia Gamboni,Anna Krug,Amanda Winters,Shanshan Pei,Annika Gustafson,Haobin Ye,Anagha Inguva,Maria Amaya,Mohammad Minhajuddin,Diana Abbott,Michael W Becker,James DeGregori,Clayton A Smith,Angelo D'Alessandro,Craig T JordanPubMed 32822582
- Nature communications 11:33602020Silencing hepatic MCJ attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by increasing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLucía Barbier-Torres,Karen A Fortner,Paula Iruzubieta,Teresa C Delgado,Emily Giddings,Youdinghuan Chen,Devin Champagne,David Fernández-Ramos,Daniela Mestre,Beatriz Gomez-Santos,Marta Varela-Rey,Virginia Gutiérrez de Juan,Pablo Fernández-Tussy,Imanol Zubiete-Franco,Carmelo García-Monzón,Águeda González-Rodríguez,Dhaval Oza,Felipe Valença-Pereira,Qian Fang,Javier Crespo,Patricia Aspichueta,Frederic Tremblay,Brock C Christensen,Juan Anguita,María Luz Martínez-Chantar,Mercedes RincónPubMed 32620763
- Metabolic engineering communications 9:e000972019Application of a genome-scale model in tandem with enzyme assays for identification of metabolic signatures of high and low CHO cell producers.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesCyrielle Calmels et. al.PubMed 31720213
- Cell death discovery 3:170622017Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes induce differential patterns of DNA methylation that result in differential chromosomal gene expression patterns.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesWilliam T Lee et. al.PubMed 28900542
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts
- Assay type
- Enzyme activity
- Reactive species
- Mouse, Rat, Human
- Range
- 0.78 - 200 µg/mL
- Sensitivity
- = 0.78 µg/mL
Target data
Alternative names
MDH2
What's included?
Recommended products
Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693) is used to determine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity (MDH2) in a sample.
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts
- Assay type
- Enzyme activity
- Reactive species
- Mouse, Rat, Human
- Range
- 0.78 - 200 µg/mL
- Assay Platform
- Microplate reader
- Sensitivity
- = 0.78 µg/mL
Precision
Intra assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Sample 1 | n 3 | C.V. 4.1 |
Inter assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Sample 1 | n 3 | C.V. 13.9 |
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Storage information
- +4°C
Notes
Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693) is used to determine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity (MDH2) in a sample. The enzyme is captured within the wells of the microplate and activity is determined by following the production of NADH in the following MDH2 catalyzed reaction: malate + NAD → oxaloacetic acid + NADH (↑ Absorbance at 450 nm). The generation of NADH is coupled to the 1:1 reduction of a reporter dye to yield a colored (yellow) reaction product whose concentration can be monitored by measuring the increase in absorbance at 450 nm. In each well, ab119693 immunocaptures only native MDH2 from the chosen sample; this removes all other enzymes, including MDH1 in cytosol.
This product allows researchers to focus on TCA cycle, studying isotype-specific malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) activity assay without the necessity of isolating mitochondria.
Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH2, P40926) is a 35.5 kDa enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malate into oxaloacetate (using NAD+) and vice versa. (EC 1.1.1.37) Several isozymes of malate dehydrogenase exist, depending on where they are localized in the cell and their specific dependence on NAD+ or NADP+ (only in chloroplasts). There are two main isoforms in eukaryotic cells. One is found in the mitochondrial matrix (MDH2), participating as a key enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the oxidation of malate. The other is found in the cytoplasm (MDH1), assisting the malate-aspartate shuttle with exchanging reducing equivalents so that malate can pass through the mitochondrial membrane to be transformed into oxaloacetate for further cellular processes. Because malate dehydrogenase is closely tied to the citric acid cycle, regulation is highly dependent on TCA products. High malate concentrations stimulate MDH activity, and, in a converse manner, high oxaloacetate concentrations inhibit the enzyme. Enzyme activity is enhanced by acetylation.
Storage: All components are shipped cold. Reagent dye, coupler, malate and NAD+ are shipped lyophilized. Before use rehydrate by adding 0.25 mL pure H2O to each tube and vortex each tube thoroughly to dissolve. After hydration unused amounts of these four materials should be stored at -80°C for 6 months. Store all other components at 4°C. This kit is stable for 6 months from receipt.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
MDH2 also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 or mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme with a molecular mass of approximately 35 kDa. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using NAD+ as a cofactor. It is predominantly expressed in the mitochondria where it plays an important role in cellular respiration. The enzyme enables the malate dehydrogenase reaction which is key for the functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
- Biological function summary
MDH2 participates in the critical process of energy production within the cell. While it does not form a complex itself its activity is intimately connected with other enzymes in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The malate dehydrogenase assay often measures the activity of MDH2 to understand the metabolic status of cells. By facilitating the oxidation of malate MDH2 aids in maintaining the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by regenerating NADH.
- Pathways
The enzyme is essential in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the malate-aspartate shuttle. In the TCA cycle MDH2 collaborates with enzymes like citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase to assist in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into energy-rich molecules. The malate-aspartate shuttle on the other hand involves MDH2 working closely with aspartate transaminase to transfer reducing equivalents into the mitochondria. These pathways highlight MDH2’s importance in cellular energy homeostasis.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Mutations or dysregulation in MDH2 have connections to certain metabolic conditions and cancers. For example alterations in MDH2 activity might contribute to conditions like mitochondrial myopathy altering energy metabolism. Moreover MDH2 is associated with NADH-producing enzymes whose dysregulation can support oncogenic pathways in cancer. Understanding these associations helps researchers pursue therapeutic targets that modulate MDH2 activity.
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4 product images
ELISA - Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693)
Figures 7. The isoform specificity of the malate activity measured by this kit is confirmed by measuring the MDH activity from different cell fractions. Activity was only detected from the mitochondrial fraction (MDH2), not the cytosol fraction (MDH1).
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693)
Figure 4. MDH2 antibody showing reactivity in a mitochondrial intracellular pattern with immunofluorescence microscopy.
ELISA - Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693)
Figure 2. MDH2 activity measurements of serially diluted human liver homogenate, rat heart homogenate, and mouse liver homogenate.
ELISA - Malate Dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) Activity Assay (ab119693)
Figure 1. MDH2 activity measurements of serially diluted cultured HepG2 cell extracts.
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