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AB109904

MitoTox™ Complex II OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit

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(6 Publications)

MitoTox™ Complex II OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (ab109904) is designed for testing the direct inhibitory effect of compounds on Complex II activity in only 4 hours.

View Alternative Names

SDH2, SDHF, SDHA, Flavoprotein subunit of complex II, Malate dehydrogenase [quinone] flavoprotein subunit, Fp

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Functional Studies - MitoTox™ Complex II OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (AB109904)
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Supplier Data

Functional Studies - MitoTox™ Complex II OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (AB109904)

Typical dose response curve for TTFA (2-thenoyltrifluoracetone). Assay was performed following the Dose Response Assay Procedure using TTFA, a well known Complex II inhibitor. TTFA was prepared in DMSO to generate a 100 mM stock. Starting with a 500 μM final concentration in well, 1 : 2 serial dilutions of TTFA were generated.

Key facts

Detection method

Colorimetric

Reacts with

Mouse, Cow, Human

Assay type

Direct

Assay time

4h

Assay Platform

Microplate reader

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Reactivity", "Dilution Info", "Notes"] }, "values": { "Enzyme activity assay": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" } } }
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Product details

MitoTox™ Complex II OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (ab109904) is designed for testing the direct inhibitory effect of compounds on Complex II activity in only 4 hours. Complex II extracted from the provided bovine heart mitochondria (a rich source of Complex II) is immunocaptured by specific antibodies on the plate. Complex II activity can be observed as decrease in absorbance at OD 600 nm. The intra-assay and inter-assay variation of this assay are both <15%.

Inhibitory effects of compounds on Complex II activity can be tested in two different ways: 1. Screening format, where up to 23 compounds can be tested at a single concentration in triplicate; 2. Dose response (IC50) format, where two compounds known to affect Complex II activity can be tested at 11 different data points in triplicate.

Testing for mitochondrial function has become a key aspect of drug discovery. Mitochondria can be affected by drug treatment, resulting into cardio- and hepatotoxic side effects that can lead to drug withdrawal from the market. Therefore, there is increasing emphasis on testing the impact on mitochondria early on in the drug development process to reduce failure rates during preclinical and clinical phases.

Please store Succinate, Ubiquinone 2, Bovine Heart Mitochondria, DCPIP at -80°C and all other components at 4°C.

Related products

Review the mitochondrial assay guide, or the full metabolism assay guide to learn about more assays for metabolites, metabolic enzymes, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, and also how to assay metabolic function in live cells using your plate reader.

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What's included?

{ "values": { "96Test": { "sellingSize": "96 Test", "publicAssetCode":"ab109904-96Test", "assetComponentDetails": [ { "size":"2 x 360 µL", "name":"Bovine heart mitochondria", "number":"AB109904-CMP07", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"2 x 1 Unit", "name":"12-channel reagent reservoirs", "number":"AB109904-CMP04", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 250 µL", "name":"DCPIP/DCIP", "number":"AB109904-CMP03", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 1 mL", "name":"Detergent", "number":"AB109904-CMP09", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 500 µL", "name":"Succinate", "number":"AB109904-CMP01", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 5 mL", "name":"20X Buffer", "number":"AB109904-CMP05", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 96 Test", "name":"Pre-coated 96-well microplate", "number":"AB109904-CMP06", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 60 µL", "name":"Ubiquinone 2", "number":"AB109904-CMP02", "productcode":"" }, { "size":"1 x 25 mL", "name":"Complex II Activity Buffer", "number":"AB109904-CMP08", "productcode":"" } ] } } }
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Properties and storage information

Shipped at conditions
Dry Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
Multi
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
Multi
Storage information
Please refer to protocols
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Complex II also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase plays an important mechanical role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate while reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol. The enzyme complex is approximately 140 kDa in mass and resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex II is expressed in most tissues particularly in high-energy demand tissues such as the heart and skeletal muscles.
Biological function summary

Complex II functions as part of the larger electron transport chain complex and plays a role in the Krebs cycle. It links two critical metabolic pathways converting succinate to fumarate while transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. This makes it integral for proper cellular respiration and energy production. The complex consists of multiple subunits and utilizes co-factors like FAD and iron-sulfur clusters for enzymatic activity. It is also a part of the supercomplexes that optimize the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.

Pathways

Complex II plays a significant role in both the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a connecting bridge between these two pathways facilitating the flow of electrons. Complex II works alongside other proteins such as complex I and complex III to maintain the electron transport chain's function and energy production. Succinate dehydrogenase transfers electrons within the chain directly affecting the generation of ATP by complex V (ATP synthase).

Dysfunction of complex II is associated with mitochondrial diseases and cancers. Mutations or deficiencies in its subunits can lead to conditions like Leigh syndrome and hereditary paraganglioma. These conditions frequently involve other mitochondrial proteins and complexes such as complex I which can exacerbate the electron transport chain dysfunction. In cancers alterations in succinate dehydrogenase activity can result in oncogenic metabolisms by falsely stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factors linking it further with the genetic and metabolic regulation.
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Product protocols

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Target data

Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) (PubMed : 10746566, PubMed : 24781757). SDH also oxidizes malate to the non-canonical enol form of oxaloacetate, enol-oxaloacetate (By similarity). Enol-oxaloacetate, which is a potent inhibitor of the succinate dehydrogenase activity, is further isomerized into keto-oxaloacetate (By similarity). Can act as a tumor suppressor (PubMed : 20484225).
See full target information SDHA
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Publications (6)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Cell death discovery 11:15 PubMed39828731

2025

CRAT downregulation promotes ovarian cancer progression by facilitating mitochondrial metabolism through decreasing the acetylation of PGC-1α.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Zhen Zhang,Shuhua Zhao,Xiaohui Lv,Yan Gao,Qian Guo,Yanjie Ren,Yuanyuan He,Yihua Jin,Hong Yang,Shujuan Liu,Xiaohong Zhang

Science advances 10:eadq0101 PubMed39453997

2024

macrophage migration inhibitory factor shows anti- potential via AZIN1/STAT1 interaction.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Chanjin Yoon,Hyo Keun Kim,Yu Seong Ham,Woo Jin Gil,Seok-Jun Mun,Euni Cho,Jae-Min Yuk,Chul-Su Yang

Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 51:e13860 PubMed38584327

2024

NPAS2, transcriptionally activated by ARRB1, promotes the malignant behaviours of lung adenocarcinoma cells and regulates the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Shenglan Wang,Chunhong Huang,Yanbin Zheng,Xinjie Wu,Yutong Zhong

FEBS letters 593:763-776 PubMed30874300

2019

A novel inhibitor of tumorspheres reveals the activation of the serine biosynthetic pathway upon mitochondrial inhibition.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Amit Subedi,Makoto Muroi,Yushi Futamura,Tatsuro Kawamura,Harumi Aono,Mayuko Nishi,Akihide Ryo,Nobumoto Watanabe,Hiroyuki Osada

Toxicology letters 221:176-84 PubMed23827505

2013

Diglycolic acid inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity in human proximal tubule cells leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Greg M Landry,Cody L Dunning,Taylor Conrad,Mallory J Hitt,Kenneth E McMartin

ACS chemical biology 8:257-67 PubMed23138533

2012

Integrated compound profiling screens identify the mitochondrial electron transport chain as the molecular target of the natural products manassantin, sesquicillin, and arctigenin.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Kevin Lai,Douglas W Selinger,Jonathan M Solomon,Hua Wu,Esther Schmitt,Fabrizio C Serluca,Daniel Curtis,John D Benson
View all publications
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Product promise

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