Phosphatidic Acid Assay Kit (Fluorometric)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Phosphatidic acid known also as PA is a lipid molecule involved in cellular signaling. It has a molecular mass of about 478 g/mol. This molecule is found widely within cell membranes serving as a minor but essential phospholipid component. PA performs a mechanical role acting as a precursor for biosynthesis of other lipids. It is also important for protein binding at membranes influencing various signaling pathways within the cell. The expression of phosphatidic acid is variable across different cell types and tissues reflecting its multiple roles in cell function.

Biological function summary

PA is important in membrane curvature and vesicle trafficking. It contributes to the balance between membrane bending and tension forces in cells. PA often exists in a complex with proteins such as diacylglycerol kinase and phospholipase D which regulate its levels. These interactions illustrate its dynamic role in cell signaling and structural functions. It plays key roles in mitogenesis and muscle regeneration emphasizing its impact on cellular growth and repair processes.

Pathways

PA participates significantly in the mTOR signaling pathway and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Through these pathways it connects with proteins like mTOR and Ras influencing cell metabolism growth and survival. In the mTOR pathway PA regulates nutrient-sensing and energy metabolism. It is vital to cellular responses to growth factors and stress signals coordinating with Ras proteins to manage cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Associated diseases and disorders

PA is linked to cancer and metabolic syndrome. Its role in mTOR signaling has implications for tumor development and progression making it a target for anticancer therapies. Excessive PA can disrupt metabolic pathways potentially leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. PA interacts with proteins such as mTOR and reactive oxygen species in these conditions highlighting its impact on disease development. The understanding of PA in these contexts could contribute to targeted therapeutic strategies.