Proteasome 20S Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The proteasome 20S also known as the 20S core particle is an essential component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system responsible for protein degradation. It has a mass of approximately 700 kDa and forms a barrel-shaped structure. This structure consists of four stacked rings each composed of seven subunits. The 20S proteasome is present in nearly all eukaryotic cells playing an important role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis by degrading misfolded damaged or regulatory proteins tagged with ubiquitin.

Biological function summary

The proteasome 20S operates within a larger proteolytic complex known as the 26S proteasome essential for ATP-dependent protein degradation. The 20S core decomposes substrates into peptides through its proteolytic activity facilitated by its catalytic subunits. The proteasome activity is important for cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation apoptosis and DNA repair. This activity can be measured using a proteasome activity assay where fluorogenic assays are often used to quantify its enzymatic function.

Pathways

Proteasome 20S contributes significantly to proteostasis and the regulation of protein turnover. It involves itself in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway which plays a pivotal role in cellular response to oxidative stress and is important for the NF-kB pathway. Its activity interacts with various proteins such as ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes which help target proteins for degradation. These interactions ensure timely removal of proteins preventing toxic accumulation and ensuring proper cellular functioning.

The proteasome 20S has a significant connection to neurodegenerative diseases and certain cancers. For instance in Alzheimer's disease dysregulation of proteasome activity can result in the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Similarly in multiple myeloma proteasome inhibitors are used therapeutically to reduce tumor cell survival. The interaction with proteins like tau in neurodegenerative conditions or the modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in cancer highlight the proteasome's involvement in pathologies highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.