Proteasome Activity Assay Kit

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Proteasomes are large protein complexes responsible for degrading ubiquitinated proteins into peptides. This process is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis within the cell. The proteasome often referred to as the 26S proteasome consists of a core particle with a mass of roughly 700 kDa and a regulatory particle. They are expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells where they perform the bulk of cellular protein degradation. Other names for the proteasome include multicatalytic proteinase complex and prosome.

Biological function summary

The ubiquitin-proteasome system orchestrates the controlled degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins regulating numerous cellular mechanisms. The proteasome forms a complex with ubiquitin chains tagged to substrate proteins guiding them for degradation. Proteasomal activity ensures turnover of proteins involved in cell cycle progression signal transduction and immune responses. By controlling protein levels proteasome function influences many biological outcomes and maintains cellular equilibrium.

Pathways

The proteasome's function integrates deeply into the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway critical for protein catabolism and cellular control processes. Another significant pathway is the regulation of apoptosis where the proteasome controls the levels of proteins like p53 an important regulator of cell death. In these pathways the proteasome collaborates with other proteins such as ubiquitin ligases playing role in fine-tuning the cellular processes involved in survival and programmed cell death.

Associated diseases and disorders

Proteasome dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Disruption in proteasomal activity leads to aggregation of damaged proteins which can have pathological consequences. Cancer is another area where proteasomes play an important role; certain cancers show dysregulated proteasomal activity resulting in abnormal degradation of tumor suppressor proteins like p53. Understanding proteasome markers helps in diagnosing and evaluating these diseases linking proteasomes to both prognosis and potential therapeutic interventions.