Transketolase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Transketolase (TKT) is an important enzyme that plays an important mechanical role in the pentose phosphate pathway by catalyzing the transfer of ketol groups from ketose donors to aldose acceptors. This process forms part of the non-oxidative segment of the pathway converting ribose 5-phosphate into other sugars equipped for nucleotide synthesis and energy metabolism. TKT is also recognized under the name erythrocyte transketolase as it is found in high abundance in erythrocytes. The enzyme has a molecular mass of around 73 kDa and expresses broadly in human tissues especially within liver and fat cells where it supports carbohydrate metabolism.

Biological function summary

Transketolase participates in critical cellular metabolic processes facilitating cellular growth and repair by supporting the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. It does not function alone but rather operates as part of a complex with other enzymes such as transaldolase within the pentose phosphate pathway. The direct activity of erythrocyte transketolase can be essential for maintaining redox balance and providing intermediates that impact cell proliferation and antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Pathways

With regard to pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism TKT plays an important role in the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. In the pentose phosphate pathway TKT collaborates with enzymes like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to provide ribose-5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and oxidative stress defense. Its relationship with transaldolase in this pathway showcases a tightly regulated enzymatic network that maintains cellular homeostasis.

Associated diseases and disorders

TKT is associated with metabolic dysfunctions such as diabetes and certain neurodegenerative diseases including Wernicke's encephalopathy. In diabetes changes in transketolase activity can disturb glucose metabolism and contribute to oxidative stress linking it subconsciously with enzymes like phospholipase C which play roles in lipid signaling and cellular responses. Additionally reduced erythrocyte transketolase activity connects with thiamine deficiency in Wernicke's encephalopathy further affecting brain functions and metabolic pathways relying on proper transketolase function.