20-Hydroxyecdysone (Ecdysterone), Steroid invertebrate hormone

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Glutathione S-transferase Omega 1 also known as GSTO1 or p28 is an enzyme that plays an important role in detoxification processes. It belongs to the omega class of glutathione S-transferases and has a molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. This enzyme is expressed in various human tissues including the liver kidney and brain where it performs important metabolic functions. GSTO1 is not only involved in catalyzing the reduction of hydroxyecdysone metabolites such as ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) but also participates in modulating cellular responses to oxidative stress.

Biological function summary

GSTO1 is part of a complex network of proteins involved in protecting cells from oxidative damage. This enzyme takes part in antioxidant defense by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione with harmful compounds facilitating their elimination. As a part of detoxification processes GSTO1 assists in maintaining cellular redox balance. Such activities are essential for several physiological functions including the metabolism of steroid compounds which can relate to ecdysteroid steroid activity. Its activity influences not only metabolic stability but also cell survival and integrity.

Pathways

GSTO1 functions in significant signaling pathways particularly in glutathione metabolism and stress response pathways. It interacts with proteins such as glutaredoxins and thioredoxins playing a role in regulating redox-sensitive signaling. Through its involvement in glutathione pathways GSTO1 helps mitigate damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and supports cellular repair mechanisms. Its actions link it with the broader antioxidant networks that maintain cellular homeostasis and modulate stress-induced pathways.

GSTO1 has connections to neurological and inflammatory conditions. For instance alterations in GSTO1 expression have been associated with Alzheimer's disease where oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Similarly it seems implicated in inflammatory disorders due to its capacity to modulate inflammatory responses. Dysfunctional GSTO1 activity can result in an imbalance in oxidative stress pathways linking it with disease-related proteins like amyloid beta in neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory cytokines in immune-related disorders.