5-FITC (5-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate), Fluorescent marker

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The progesterone receptor (PR) also known as NR3C3 is a nuclear receptor that functions as a transcription factor in response to the hormone progesterone. This receptor has a mass of approximately 99 kDa and is expressed in tissues such as the reproductive organs including the uterus ovaries and mammary glands. It is also found in non-reproductive tissues like the brain and bone. The receptor has two main isoforms PR-A and PR-B which differ slightly in structure but have unique biological roles.

Biological function summary

The progesterone receptor plays a significant role in regulating gene expression related to reproductive processes. PR is not part of a larger complex by itself but interacts with various coactivators and corepressors to modulate transcription. In the uterus and mammary glands PR mediates the effects of progesterone by promoting cell proliferation and preparing tissues for pregnancy. In other systems PR also links to various metabolic and immunological pathways influencing cell cycle progression and immune response.

Pathways

Progesterone receptor activity is integrated within the reproductive hormone signaling pathways and the Wnt signaling pathway. The receptor interacts directly with key proteins such as estrogen receptor (ER) and steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) complexes which are pivotal in modulating response to hormonal signals. These interactions underline the essential role of PR in maintaining hormonal balance and regulating reproductive functions.

The progesterone receptor associates with breast cancer and endometriosis. Aberrant expression or mutations in PR can contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer often linked with the estrogen receptor's influence. In endometriosis PR's altered functionality affects cellular response to progesterone contributing to tissue growth outside the uterus. These conditions also involve interactions with proteins like BRCA1 in breast cancer highlighting how PR connects to broader cellular and pathological networks.