7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (7,3',4'-THIF), isoflavonoid

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) also known as glycosylation-inhibiting factor is a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 12.5 kDa. It plays a mechanistic role as a cytokine that regulates immune responses specifically influencing macrophage behavior. MIF expresses in various cell types including immune and epithelial cells. It gets secreted by activated lymphocytes and macrophages pointing to its involvement in the inflammatory process.

Biological function summary

MIF acts as an upstream regulator of innate immunity and exerts broad influence on cytokine release. MIF elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-1beta promoting an immune response. It does not typically form part of a complex but interacts with cell surface receptors like CD74 triggering intracellular signaling pathways. These interactions illustrate MIF as a regulator of immune cell recruitment and activation.

Pathways

MIF participates in the glucocorticoid receptor regulatory pathway and MAP kinase pathway. It shows interaction with JNK and ERK1/2 proteins which further map into important cellular reactions like stress response and cell proliferation. By integrating into these pathways MIF influences cell survival proliferation and inflammatory cascades emphasizing its role in immune regulation.

MIF links to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis. It influences disease progression by interacting with proteins like TNF-alpha and IL-6 contributing to inflammatory damage. Elevated MIF levels often correlate with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis acting as a potential target for therapy. Furthermore sepsis demonstrates a similar pattern where MIF modulation can impact patient outcomes underlining its relevance in clinical investigations.