MW 232.15 Da, Purity >99%. Potent, competitive AMPA / kainate receptor antagonist. Also antagonist at NMDA receptor glycine site.
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- Heliyon 9:e206202023Isoliquiritigenin modulates the activity of LTS and non-LTS cells in the ventrolateral preoptic area via GABA receptors.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSumei Fan,Qiaoling Jin,Pingping Zhang,Dejiao Xu,Juan Cheng,Liecheng WangPubMed 37876454
- Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience 14:9108202022Patch-to-Seq and Transcriptomic Analyses Yield Molecular Markers of Functionally Distinct Brainstem Serotonin Neurons.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGary C Mouradian,Pengyuan Liu,Pablo Nakagawa,Erin Duffy,Javier Gomez Vargas,Kirthikaa Balapattabi,Justin L Grobe,Curt D Sigmund,Matthew R HodgesPubMed 35844900
- Cells 10:2021Scavenging Tumor Necrosis Factor α Does Not Affect Inhibition of Dentate Granule Cells Following In Vitro Entorhinal Cortex Lesion.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesDimitrios Kleidonas,Andreas VlachosPubMed 34831454
- eLife 9:2020The palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC14 controls Kv1-family potassium channel clustering at the axon initial segment.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesShaun S Sanders et. al.PubMed 33185190
- eLife 7:2018Deletion of KCNQ2/3 potassium channels from PV+ interneurons leads to homeostatic potentiation of excitatory transmission.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesHeun Soh et. al.PubMed 30382937
- Nature communications 9:522018A neural basis for antagonistic control of feeding and compulsive behaviors.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLeandra R Mangieri et. al.PubMed 29302029
- Experimental neurology 283:16-282016Primary blast injury causes cognitive impairments and hippocampal circuit alterations.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMatthew Beamer,Shanti R Tummala,David Gullotti,Catherine Kopil,Samuel Gorka, Ted Abel,Cameron R Dale Bass,Barclay Morrison,Akiva S Cohen,David F MeaneyPubMed 27246999
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 35:14957-652015GIRK Channels Mediate the Nonphotic Effects of Exogenous Melatonin.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLauren M Hablitz,Hylton E Molzof,Kathryn E Abrahamsson,Joanna M Cooper,Rebecca A Prosser,Karen L GamblePubMed 26558769
- Journal of neurophysiology 114:2775-842015GnRH suppresses excitability of visual processing neurons in the optic tectum.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesChie Umatani et. al.PubMed 26354319
- Journal of neurophysiology 114:1008-212015Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor neurons fire in synchrony with the female reproductive cycle.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesChristian Schauer et. al.PubMed 26063780
Key facts
- CAS number
115066-14-3
- Purity
> 99%
- Form
Solid
- Molecular weight
232.15 Da
- Molecular formula
C9H4N4O4
- PubChem identifier
3721046
- Nature
Synthetic
Alternative names
AMPA 1, AMPA 2, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2, GLUH1, GRIA1_HUMAN, GRIA2_HUMAN, GluA1, GluA2, GluR-1, GluR-2, GluR-A, GluR-B, GluR-K1, GluR-K2, Glutamate receptor 1, Glutamate receptor 2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 1, Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 2, HBGR1, HBGR2, MGC133252, OTTHUMP00000160643, OTTHUMP00000165781, OTTHUMP00000224241, OTTHUMP00000224242, OTTHUMP00000224243
Recommended products
MW 232.15 Da, Purity >99%. Potent, competitive AMPA / kainate receptor antagonist. Also antagonist at NMDA receptor glycine site.
Key facts
- CAS number
115066-14-3
- Purity
> 99%
- Form
Solid
- Molecular weight
232.15 Da
- Molecular formula
C9H4N4O4
- PubChem identifier
3721046
- Nature
Synthetic
- Solubility
Soluble in DMSO to 100 mM.
- Biochemical name
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
- Biological description
Potent, competitive AMPA / kainate receptor antagonist. Also antagonist at NMDA receptor glycine site.
- Canonical SMILES
C1=C(C(=CC2=C1NC(=O)C(=O)N2)[N+](=O)[O-])C#N
- InChI
InChI=1S/C9H4N4O4/c10-3-4-1-5-6(2-7(4)13(16)17)12-9(15)8(14)11-5/h1-2H,(H,11,14)(H,12,15)
- InChIKey
RPXVIAFEQBNEAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- IUPAC name
7-nitro-2,3-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbonitrile
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Ambient - Can Ship with Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
+4°C
- Storage information
Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary info
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Glutamate Receptor 1 (AMPA subtype) also known as GluA1 or GRIA1 is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. It is part of the AMPA receptor complex. The AMPA receptor modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity by allowing the flow of Na+ and K+ ions upon binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate. These receptors are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system with significant expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex regions important for memory and learning. The approximate molecular weight of GluA1 is 99.3 kDa.
- Biological function summary
Glutamate Receptor 1 plays a pivotal role in excitatory synaptic transmission. It forms tetrameric complexes often including other AMPA receptor subunits like GluA2 GluA3 and GluA4. The assembly of these subunits influences the ion permeability and kinetic properties of the receptor further impacting synaptic strength and plasticity. The receptor's function is important for long-term potentiation (LTP) a cellular mechanism for learning and memory in the brain.
- Pathways
The function of Glutamate Receptor 1 is integral to the glutamatergic signaling pathway an essential pathway for excitatory neurotransmission. It interacts with few other proteins like NMDA receptors which also play an important role in synaptic plasticity and are involved in several synaptic signaling cascades. This receptor is also part of the MAPK signaling pathway which is important in synaptic development and neuronal survival. The crosstalk between AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors allows fine-tuning of synaptic responses and plasticity.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Glutamate Receptor 1 is implicated in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Altered expression or dysfunction of this receptor can lead to synaptic failure and neurodegeneration commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease. In epilepsy aberrant regulation of AMPA receptor-mediated signaling contributes to excessive excitatory neurotransmission and seizures. The receptor's interaction with NMDA receptors is a focus for therapeutic interventions aiming to regulate excessive activity in these disorders.
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Chemical Structure - CNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist (ab120017)
2D chemical structure image of ab120017, CNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - CNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist (ab120017)
Anti-MEK1 (phospho S298) antibody [EPR3338] ab96379 staining MEK1 (phospho S298) in SK-N-SH cells treated with CNQX (ab120017), by ICC/IF. Decrease in MEK1 (phospho S298) expression correlates with increased concentration of CNQX, as described in literature.
The cells were incubated at 37°C for 24h in media containing different concentrations of ab120017 (CNQX) in DMSO, fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with PBS containing 10% goat serum, 0.3 M glycine, 1% BSA and 0.1% tween for 2h at room temperature. Staining of the treated cells with Anti-MEK1 (phospho S298) antibody [EPR3338] ab96379 (1/100 dilution) was performed overnight at 4°C in PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.1% tween. A DyLight 488 goat anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) at 1/250 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
Image from Ildiko P, et al. Plos One, 8(3), e57694. Fig 4a,; doi: 110.1371/journal.pone.0057694Cellular Activation - CNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist (ab120017)
Left and Middle: Representative IOS amplitude map and field response curve under control condition and under application of 20 µM CNQX, respectively. The colorbar indicates the maximum change of the transmittance compared to the resting light intensity. A Right: Spatial visualization of the percentage of control changes of IOS signal caused by CNQX application.
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