Decylubiquinone (2,3-Dmdb), MPTP inhibitor

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

GAPDH is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase an important enzyme involved in glycolysis. The protein exists primarily as a tetramer of identical subunits with a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa per subunit. GAPDH is expressed in most tissues and cell types due to its fundamental role in glucose metabolism. Besides its classical role in glycolysis GAPDH has versatile functions including involvement in membrane fusion microtubule assembly and nuclear RNA-binding. These multiple roles emphasize GAPDH's diverse capabilities within cellular processes.

Biological function summary

The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme functions on the mitochondrial inner membrane and operates as a monomer within the respiratory chain complex. DHODH plays an important role in catalyzing the oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate which is necessary for nucleotide synthesis. The enzyme is also essential for proliferation of rapidly dividing cells making it vital for cellular growth and survival.

Pathways

Both GAPDH and DHODH are involved in central metabolic routes. GAPDH is a significant part of the glycolytic pathway where it affects several metabolic reactions related to energy production. This pathway connects with other metabolic processes such as the citric acid cycle. DHODH on the other hand is integral to the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway which links to nucleotide metabolism. Proteins like lactate dehydrogenase in glycolysis and fumarate hydratase in the linked pathways may intersect with these processes highlighting their metabolic significance.

DHODH and GAPDH have been studied in relation to various health conditions. GAPDH is linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease possibly through its interactions with amyloid precursor proteins. Meanwhile DHODH is a target for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis due to its role in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and its interaction with the immune effector protein interferon-gamma. Decylubiquinone serves as a known DHODH inhibitor further highlighting the enzyme's relevance in disease contexts.