D,L-Thioctic acid (DL-alpha-Lipoic acid), Non-specific free radical scavenger

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

DNA Polymerase beta also known as POLB is an important enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway where it performs gap-filling DNA synthesis during DNA repair processes. The enzyme weighs approximately 39 kDa and it is found mainly in the nucleus of cells. It is expressed in a variety of tissues with significant levels in the brain and testis. UBE2I also known as UBC9 acts as a conjugating enzyme in the sumoylation pathway partnering with SAE1 and SAE2 (also called UBA2) to attach small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins to target proteins which influences their localization stability and function. BAZ2B is part of a chromatin-remodeling complex involved in nucleosome remodeling although it shows more specialized tissue expression patterns.

Biological function summary

DNA Polymerase beta conducts gap-filling DNA synthesis and is the focal enzyme in the BER pathway responsible for repairing single-strand DNA breaks. It does not form part of a large complex but works in concert with other single proteins involved in BER. UBE2I/UBC9 works closely with SAE1 and SAE2/UBA2 to mediate the transfer of SUMO proteins in the sumoylation process. This modification impacts a range of cellular processes including transcriptional regulation DNA repair and signal transduction. BAZ2B plays a role in modulating the accessibility of chromatin and can impact gene expression.

Pathways

These proteins are integral to maintaining genomic stability and regulating protein function. DNA Polymerase beta plays a central role in the BER pathway alongside other repair proteins like XRCC1 and APE1. It ensures the integrity of genetic information is preserved after DNA damage. UBE2I linked to the sumoylation pathway modulates the function of many key proteins by adding SUMO tags thereby linking it to proteins like p53 which are important for regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. BAZ2B interacts with chromatin remodelers to facilitate transcriptional regulation impacting gene expression.

Associated diseases and disorders

DNA Polymerase beta is often studied in the context of cancer as mutations or altered expression levels can lead to increased genomic instability and tumor progression. UBE2I has associations with disorders like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases where its sumoylation function is disrupted. In cancer UBE2I might interact with oncogenic proteins influencing cancer growth and survival. BAZ2B can be implicated in neurological disorders due to its role in gene expression regulation through chromatin remodeling affecting nervous system function.