MW 252.14 Da, Purity >99%. AMPA / kainate antagonist. Achieve your results faster with highly validated, pure and trusted compounds.
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- Neurobiology of disease 113:45-582018Partial TrkB receptor activation suppresses cortical epileptogenesis through actions on parvalbumin interneurons.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesFeng Gu et. al.PubMed 29408225
- Nature communications 8:1522017Afferent specific role of NMDA receptors for the circuit integration of hippocampal neurogliaform cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesR Chittajallu et. al.PubMed 28751664
- Physiological reports 5:2017Inactivation of GIRK channels weakens the pre- and postsynaptic inhibitory activity in dorsal raphe neurons.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesNerea Llamosas,Luisa Ugedo,Maria TorrecillaPubMed 28196855
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal 37:2292-23042017Loss of M1 Receptor Dependent Cholinergic Excitation Contributes to mPFC Deactivation in Neuropathic Pain.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesDaniel Radzicki et. al.PubMed 28137966
- Scientific reports 6:316962016Premature changes in neuronal excitability account for hippocampal network impairment and autistic-like behavior in neonatal BTBR T+tf/J mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGiada Cellot et. al.PubMed 27526668
- Neuron 91:574-862016Spontaneous Synaptic Activation of Muscarinic Receptors by Striatal Cholinergic Neuron Firing.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAphroditi A Mamaligas et. al.PubMed 27373830
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 35:9369-802015Enhanced GABAA-Mediated Tonic Inhibition in Auditory Thalamus of Rats with Behavioral Evidence of Tinnitus.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesEvgeny A Sametsky,Jeremy G Turner,Deb Larsen,Lynne Ling,Donald M CasparyPubMed 26109660
- Nature communications 6:71682015Trans-synaptic zinc mobilization improves social interaction in two mouse models of autism through NMDAR activation.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesEun-Jae Lee et. al.PubMed 25981743
- Journal of neurophysiology 113:3421-312015Neurosteroids increase tonic GABAergic inhibition in the lateral section of the central amygdala in mice.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesH Romo-Parra et. al.PubMed 25787948
- The Journal of general physiology 145:225-512015Nonexocytotic serotonin release tonically suppresses serotonergic neuron activity.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBoris Mlinar,Alberto Montalbano,Gilda Baccini,Francesca Tatini,Rolando Berlinguer Palmini,Renato CorradettiPubMed 25712017
Key facts
- CAS number
- 2379-57-9
- Purity
- > 99%
- Form
- Solid
- Molecular weight
- 252.14 Da
- Molecular formula
- C8H4N4O6
- PubChem identifier
- 3899541
- Nature
- Synthetic
Associated Products
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1 product for Alternative Version
Alternative names
AMPA 1, AMPA 2, AMPA 3, AMPA 4, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 3, AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 4, AW490526, Chi-1, EB11, EEA3, EIEE27, EPND, Excitatory amino acid receptor 1, Excitatory amino acid receptor 2, Excitatory amino acid receptor 3, Excitatory amino acid receptor 4, Excitatory amino acid receptor 5, FESD, GLR 6, GLR 7, GLR5, GLUH1, GLUK3, GLUK6, GLUR4C, GRIA1_HUMAN, GRIA2_HUMAN, GRIA3_HUMAN, GRIA4_HUMAN, GRIK, GRIK1_HUMAN, GRIK2 protein, GRIK2_HUMAN, GRIK3_HUMAN, GRIK4_HUMAN, GRIK5_HUMAN, GRIN 2A, GRIN 2B, GRIN3A, GRIN3B, GluA 4, GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, GluK2, GluK4, GluK5, GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2C, GluN2D, GluN3B, GluR 7a, GluR-1, GluR-2, GluR-3, GluR-4, GluR-5, GluR-6, GluR-7, GluR-A, GluR-B, GluR-C, GluR-D, GluR-K1, GluR-K2, GluR-K3, GluRgamma2, Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic N Methyl D Aspartate 2B, Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic N Methyl D Aspartate 2C, Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic N Methyl D Aspartate subunit 2B, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4, Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1, Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3, Glutamate receptor, Glutamate receptor 1, Glutamate receptor 2, Glutamate receptor 3, Glutamate receptor 4, Glutamate receptor 5, Glutamate receptor 6, Glutamate receptor 7, Glutamate receptor C, Glutamate receptor KA 1precursor, Glutamate receptor KA-1, Glutamate receptor KA-2, Glutamate receptor ionotrophic AMPA 3, Glutamate receptor ionotrophic AMPA 4, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 1, Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA 2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 1, Glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 2A, Glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 3B, Glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 3B, Glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA2B, Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 1, Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 3, Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 4, Glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 4 precursor, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, N-methyl-D aspartate, subunit 1, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C, Glutamate receptor subunit 3, Glutamate receptor subunit epsilon 2, Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 [Precursor], Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 3, Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2D, Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2), Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 5, Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 5 (gamma 2), Grin2c, Grin2d, HBGR1, HBGR2, Human glutamate receptor GLUR5, Ionotrophic Glutamate Receptor, Ionotropic Glutamate receptor 4, KA2, LKS, MGC118086, MGC133252, MGC142178, MGC142180, MRD6, MRD8, MRT6, MRX94, N Methly D Aspartate Receptor Channel Subunit Epsilon 3, N methyl D asparate receptor channel subunit epsilon 2, N methyl D aspartate receptor channel subunit zeta 1, N methyl D aspartate receptor channel, subunit epsilon 1, N methyl D aspartate receptor subunit 2A, N methyl D aspartate receptor subunit 2B, N methyl D aspartate receptor subunit 2C, N methyl d aspartate receptor subunit 2D, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2A, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2C, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2D, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3B, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 3, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1, NMD-R1, NMD3A_HUMAN, NMD3B_HUMAN, NMDA 1, NMDA 2D, NMDA NR2B, NMDA receptor 1, NMDA receptor subtype 2A, NMDA receptor subunit 3B, NMDA type glutamate receptor subunit NR3B, NMDAR, NMDAR-L, NMDAR-L1, NMDAR2C, NMDAR2D, NMDAR3A, NMDAR3B, NMDE1_HUMAN, NMDE2_HUMAN, NMDE3_HUMAN, NMDE4_HUMAN, NMDZ1_HUMAN, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D, NR3, OTTHUMP00000041930, OTTHUMP00000045951, OTTHUMP00000096569, OTTHUMP00000160135, OTTHUMP00000160643, OTTHUMP00000165781, OTTHUMP00000174531, OTTHUMP00000224241, OTTHUMP00000224242, OTTHUMP00000224243, OTTHUMP00000231881, bA487F5.1, dJ1171F9.1, estrogen receptor binding CpG island, glutamate receptor form A, glutamate receptor form B, glutamate receptor form C, glutamate receptor form D, glutamate receptor form E, glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2D, glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1, hNR 3, hNR2A, iGlu5, ionotropic kainate 1, ionotropic kainate 2, ionotropic kainate 3, ionotropic kainate 4, ionotropic kainate 5
Recommended products
MW 252.14 Da, Purity >99%. AMPA / kainate antagonist. Achieve your results faster with highly validated, pure and trusted compounds.
Key facts
- CAS number
- 2379-57-9
- Purity
- > 99%
- Form
- Solid
- Molecular weight
- 252.14 Da
- Molecular formula
- C8H4N4O6
- PubChem identifier
- 3899541
- Nature
- Synthetic
- Solubility
Soluble in DMSO to 100 mM.
- Biochemical name
- 6,7-Dinitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
- Biological description
AMPA / kainate antagonist
- Canonical SMILES
- C1=C2C(=CC(=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])NC(=O)C(=O)N2
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C8H4N4O6/c13-7-8(14)10-4-2-6(12(17)18)5(11(15)16)1-3(4)9-7/h1-2H,(H,9,13)(H,10,14)
- InChIKey
- RWVIMCIPOAXUDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- IUPAC name
- 6,7-dinitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Ambient - Can Ship with Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Storage information
- Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
The proteins NMDAR2A NMDAR2B GluN2C NMDAR1 Glutamate Receptor 1 (AMPA subtype) KA1 Ionotropic Glutamate receptor 2 GRIK2/GluK2 GluN2D Glutamate receptor 3/GluA3 NR3A NR3B GRIK3/GluK3 GluK5 GluK1 and GluA4 function as ionotropic glutamate receptors. These receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system by allowing cations to pass into the neuron when activated by glutamate. Commonly these proteins are known as NMDA AMPA and kainate receptors based on their pharmacological properties. The NMDAR subunits like NMDAR1 NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B are known for their high calcium permeability. The receptors are mainly expressed in the brain with their distribution varying across different regions.
- Biological function summary
The ionotropic glutamate receptors contribute to synaptic transmission and plasticity essential for learning and memory. These receptors do not work alone but as part of larger receptor complexes at synaptic sites. The NMDA receptors for example are tetrameric assemblies made from different combinations of subunits like GluN1 and GluN2. AMPA receptors including GluA3 and GluA4 rapidly mediate synaptic responses. They play a role in synaptic strengthening a process critical for long-term potentiation (LTP).
- Pathways
The ionotropic glutamate receptors participate in various signaling pathways linked to neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. A notable pathway is the calcium signaling pathway where the NMDA receptors contribute significantly. AMPA receptors integrate into the glutamatergic signaling pathway modulating synaptic strength through receptor trafficking. Proteins such as CaMKII and PSD-95 interact with these receptors influencing synaptic plasticity and signal transduction.
- Associated diseases and disorders
These receptors are implicated in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. NMDA receptor dysfunction is frequently associated with excitotoxicity which can lead to neuronal death in Alzheimer’s. Excessive glutamate release and receptor overactivation are linked to epilepsy where ionotropic glutamate receptors play a role in seizure generation and progression. Proteins like tau in Alzheimer’s and voltage-gated ion channels in epilepsy connect to these receptors in the pathological context complicating disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies.
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2 product images
Chemical Structure - DNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist (ab120018)
2D chemical structure image of ab120018, DNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist
Functional Studies - DNQX, AMPA / kainate antagonist (ab120018)
Anti-MEK1 (phospho S298) antibody [EPR3338] ab96379 staining MEK1 (phospho S298) in SK-N-SH cells treated with DNQX (ab120018), by ICC/IF. Decrease in MEK1 (phospho S298) expression correlates with increased concentration of DNQX, as described in literature.
The cells were incubated at 37°C for 1h in media containing different concentrations of ab120018 (DNQX) in DMSO, fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with PBS containing 10% goat serum, 0.3 M glycine, 1% BSA and 0.1% tween for 2h at room temperature. Staining of the treated cells with Anti-MEK1 (phospho S298) antibody [EPR3338] ab96379 (1/100 dilution) was performed overnight at 4°C in PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.1% tween. A DyLight 488 goat anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) at 1/250 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
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