Epirubicin hydrochloride (Ellence), Topoisomerase II inhibitor

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Rad51 TDP1 and IDH1 are three distinct yet essential proteins with key roles in cellular functions. Rad51 known as RAD51 recombinase plays a critical role in homologous recombination and DNA repair with a mass of approximately 37 kDa. It is expressed in various tissues with abundance in testis cells. TDP1 or Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 is approximately 70 kDa and is mainly expressed in the brain and testis. It functions in the repair of stalled topoisomerase I-DNA complexes. IDH1 known as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 is pivotal in cellular metabolism and energy production with a mass of about 47 kDa and is expressed in the cytoplasm of cells including liver and brain tissues.

Biological function summary

Rad51 promotes strand exchange during homologous recombination by pairing homologous DNA strands which is essential for repairing double-strand breaks. It operates within a complex involving proteins like BRCA2 to ensure accurate DNA repair. TDP1 plays a critical role in single-strand break repair and can function within larger complexes to remove 3’-phosphotyrosyl moieties from DNA strands. IDH1 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle contributing to cellular respiration.

Pathways

Rad51 is an important player in the homologous recombination and DNA damage repair pathways. It relates closely to proteins such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 which help regulate its activity. TDP1 functions primarily within the DNA repair pathway interacting with proteins like PARP1 to facilitate single-strand break repair. IDH1 is an important enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and is linked to cellular metabolism pathways interacting with other metabolic enzymes in the cycle.

Associated diseases and disorders

Rad51 mutations or dysfunction associate with cancers such as breast and ovarian cancer due to its integral role in DNA repair. Its partnership with BRCA2 is significant in maintaining genomic stability and mutations in BRCA2 can severely impact Rad51 function. TDP1 defects are linked to neurodegenerative diseases like spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) where its interaction with PARP1 may become dysregulated. IDH1 mutations frequently occur in certain types of brain tumors including gliomas affecting cellular metabolism and leading to oncogenesis.