M344, HDAC inhibitor

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Interferon beta is a cytokine primarily involved in modulating immune responses often used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The HDAC family which includes HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 HDAC7 HDAC8 HDAC9 HDAC10 and HDAC11 comprises histone deacetylases responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones impacting gene expression. Each HDAC isoform has different mass and structure reflecting diverse roles; for example HDAC8 has a mass of approximately 41 kDa. HDACs typically express in various tissues with higher expression levels in the brain heart and skeletal muscle. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) functions as a bifunctional enzyme involved in converting leukotriene A4 to leukotriene B4 a powerful inflammatory mediator. HLAB a component of the major histocompatibility complex plays a role in the presentation of peptides to the immune system and has a mass of approximately 44 kDa.

Biological function summary

These proteins engage in important cellular processes. HDACs participate in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation often forming multiprotein complexes. Interferon beta influences immune cell activity and cytokine production. LTA4H contributes to the inflammatory response by generating leukotriene B4. HLAB is part of antigen processing and presentation essential for immune surveillance. HDAC inhibitors including M344 interact selectively with HDACs to modulate these chromatin-associated activities impacting numerous biological processes and exhibiting exclusive chemistry.

Pathways

HDACs interact in regulatory networks controlling cell cycle and apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway for example involves HDACs that impact gene silencing proliferation and survival. Interferon beta is part of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway affecting antiviral responses and immune modulation. These pathways connect with other proteins like STAT1 and p53. LTA4H is linked to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway working with other lipoxygenases. HLAB operates in the antigen processing and presentation pathway collaborating with TAP and other MHC molecules.

HDACs are associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases where dysregulation affects cell proliferation and survival. Cancer studies link HDAC inhibitors like M344 with therapeutic potential. Alzheimer's disease shows connections to HDAC dysregulation influencing tau pathology. LTA4H relates to asthma and inflammatory bowel disease because of its role in inflammatory pathways. HLAB is associated with autoimmune conditions like ankylosing spondylitis. The involvement of HLAB in disease connects to TAP and other immune proteins through antigen processing and presentation.