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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

TDP1 also known as tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 is an important protein involved in DNA repair. It weighs around 66 kDa. TDP1 repairs damaged DNA by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds at DNA termini. It mainly expresses in the nucleus of proliferating cells where DNA damage frequently occurs due to cellular division and environmental stress. TDP1 activity is critical in resolving stalled topoisomerase I-DNA complexes created during transcription and replication.

Biological function summary

TDP1 functions to maintain genomic stability by participating in the single-strand break repair (SSBR) mechanism. It is not known to be part of a larger protein complex but interacts with several other proteins to fulfill its role. This protein’s function in DNA repair mechanisms suggests that its activity prevents the accumulation of DNA lesions which could potentially result in genomic instability if left unchecked.

Pathways

TDP1 plays an essential role in the DNA repair pathways. The single-strand DNA break repair pathway is one primary pathway involving TDP1. This pathway is important for maintaining DNA integrity after damaging events such as oxidative stress. TDP1 collaborates with proteins like XRCC1 in these pathways to facilitate efficient DNA repair processes.

Disruptions in TDP1 activity have links with neurodegenerative diseases like spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). Inefficient DNA repair due to TDP1 mutations can lead to accumulated DNA damage contributing to this disorder. Moreover TDP1 might interact with altered PARP1 function in conditions where DNA repair defects underlie the pathophysiology. The study of TDP1 gives insight into mechanisms by which DNA repair deficiencies contribute to diseases.