Oxamflatin, HDAC inhibitor

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Interferon beta also known as IFN-β is a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 22 kilodaltons. It belongs to the class of type I interferons and is produced mainly by fibroblasts and epithelial cells. It's expressed in various tissues including the lymphoid tissues and plays a significant role in immune responses. Interferon beta acts by binding to its receptor IFNAR triggering a signaling cascade that modulates gene expression.

Biological function summary

This protein functions as an important player to regulate the immune system's antiviral response. It is part of a complex system involved in inhibiting viral replication and promoting the degradation of viral RNA. Interferon beta can activate natural killer cells and enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Its action is not isolated as it often works in conjunction with other cytokines to orchestrate a comprehensive immune defense.

Pathways

Interferon beta is integral to the JAK-STAT signaling pathway which is important for transmitting information from extracellular signals to the cell nucleus influencing transcription and cell growth. It also takes part in the IRF pathway which controls the expression of genes involved in antiviral responses. Interferon beta shares interactions with other proteins such as STAT1 and STAT2 which are necessary for the amplification of the interferon response.

Interferon beta is particularly relevant in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain viral infections. In MS its immunomodulatory effects help reduce neuroinflammation. Interferon beta exerts its influence alongside proteins like MHC class I molecules altering the disease progress. Additionally it holds importance in combating viral diseases due to its ability to activate antiviral proteins and systems contributing to inhibiting the spread of viral pathogens.