Patulin, fungal mycotoxin

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein also known as MAPT with a mass ranging from 45 to 65 kDa depending on its isoforms. It mainly expresses in neurons of the central nervous system where it stabilizes microtubules. TDP1 or tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 is a DNA repair enzyme found in many tissues with a molecular weight of approximately 68 kDa. ROR gamma retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma is a nuclear receptor with a mass of about 58 kDa expressed in immune cells like Th17 cells and involved in transcriptional regulation.

Biological function summary

Tau supports neuronal structure and function by binding to microtubules but it can accumulate pathologically to form neurofibrillary tangles. TDP1 participates in the repair of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage and functions as part of the DNA repair complex. Meanwhile ROR gamma regulates the transcription of genes important for immune responses impacting the differentiation of Th17 cells and influencing inflammation.

Pathways

Tau is strongly tied to the MAP kinase signaling pathway modulating neuronal responses through its regulation of microtubule stability. TDP1 plays a vital role in the nucleotide excision repair pathway where it interacts with key proteins involved in DNA repair such as topoisomerase I. ROR gamma partakes in the regulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway interacting with other nuclear receptors to modulate immune responses.

Tau is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies where Tau aggregation disrupts microtubule function. TDP1 mutations associate with neurodegenerative disorders like SCAN1 as impaired DNA repair can lead to neuronal degeneration. ROR gamma is implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis due to its role in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells.