Prostaglandin E2, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 ligand

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The TSH Receptor also known as TSH-R is a pivotal protein in thyroid function. It is a transmembrane receptor with an approximate mass of 90 kDa. This receptor is expressed primarily in thyroid gland cells where it binds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to mediate its effects. The GLI3 protein Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Related Receptor alpha are significant targets too; each contributes uniquely to cellular growth regulation. Prostanoid receptors like Prostaglandin E Receptor EP2 (PTGER2) and Prostaglandin F2 alpha Receptor (PTGFR) participate in varying physiological processes. The SLC22 family proteins such as SLC22A6 (OAT3) and SLC22A7 (OAT2) are important for substrate transport across cell membranes.

Biological function summary

The TSH Receptor plays a central role in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. It activates complex signaling pathways within thyroid cells upon TSH binding leading to the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The Androgen Receptor is important for mediating the effects of male sex hormones while the Estrogen Related Receptor alpha influences energy metabolism. Prostaglandin E Receptor EP2 (PTGER2) is key for inflammatory responses and vasodilatation. The SLC22 transporters such as OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OAT4 (SLC22A11) manage the translocation of metabolites and xenobiotics affecting pharmacokinetics.

Pathways

The TSH Receptor is integral to the thyroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. It in coordination with proteins like adenylate cyclase influences cyclic AMP (cAMP) production facilitating downstream effects. The Androgen Receptor interacts within the testosterone signaling pathway directly linked to growth and reproductive processes. Prostaglandin receptors like EP1 EP2 and EP3 subtypes participate in prostaglandin signaling affecting inflammation and vascular function. Components of the SLC22 family such as OAT3 and OAT2 contribute prominently to drug excretion pathways interacting with various transport proteins.

The TSH Receptor's aberrant function is linked to hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease where autoantibodies lead to excess thyroid activity. The Androgen Receptor connections are evident in prostate cancer as it can drive tumor growth in response to androgen. Prostaglandin receptors such as EP2 relate to inflammation-related conditions like arthritis where they mediate pain and swelling through interactions with inflammatory cytokines. Disorders linked to SLC22 transporters like OAT3 include drug-induced nephrotoxicity where impaired excretion leads to toxicity.