(R)-(+)-SKF38393 hydrochloride, D1 partial agonist

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Geminin also known in some contexts as Gmnn is a protein critical in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. It has a molecular mass of about 25 kDa. Geminin predominantly localizes in the nucleus where it interacts with and inhibits the replication licensing factor Cdt1 preventing re-replication. Dopamine receptors such as DRD1 and DRD2 are important components of the dopaminergic signaling pathways in the central nervous system where they act by binding dopamine and triggering intracellular effects. Likewise Adenylate Cyclases like AC3 AC6 and AC8 are enzymes that convert ATP to cyclic AMP a secondary messenger in various signaling pathways. APOBEC3G also known as A3G functions as a cytidine deaminase involved in the innate immune response and its expression occurs mainly in leukocytes. 15-PGDH is an enzyme important for the metabolism of prostaglandins with significant expression in the liver and kidneys.

Biological function summary

These proteins fulfill essential roles in their respective systems. Geminin prevents premature DNA replication by forming part of a regulatory complex with Cdt1. Dopamine receptors like D1 D2 and D5 modulate neurotransmission and play roles in mood reward and motor function interacting with G-protein coupled receptor signaling complexes. Adenylate cyclases regulate the cAMP levels influencing numerous biological processes like hormonal signaling. APOBEC3G impacts viral replication processes particularly in retroviruses by deaminating cytidine to uridine in viral DNA. 15-PGDH controls prostaglandin levels which affect inflammatory responses.

Pathways

These proteins integrate into important cellular and neurological circuits. Geminin's role in inhibiting Cdt1 is potent in the cell cycle and replication licensing pathway ensuring DNA replication fidelity. Dopamine receptors such as D1 and D2 are important components of the dopaminergic signaling pathways which include interactions with proteins like CAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) that translate dopamine binding into cellular responses. Adenylate cyclases such as AC3 and AC8 play roles in the cAMP signaling pathway impacting cellular metabolism. APOBEC3G is linked to antiviral pathways often interacting with proteins involved in restricting viral replication.

Associated diseases and disorders

These proteins associate with various conditions. Geminin dysregulation often leads to aberrant cell cycle progression which can contribute to cancer development. Dopamine receptors are implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders; disruptions in D1 and D2 receptor functions link to conditions like schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease showing connections with proteins such as G-proteins that mediate their signaling. Alterations in adenylate cyclase activity can contribute to metabolic disorders. APOBEC3G impacts HIV-1 pathogenesis by affecting viral replication dynamics. 15-PGDH's role in prostaglandin metabolism links it to inflammatory diseases and cancer as abnormal prostaglandin levels can promote tumor progression.