(R,S)-AMPA, AMPA agonist

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Glutamate Receptor 1 also known as AMPA receptor 1 or GluA1 functions mechanically as an ionotropic glutamate receptor. The protein plays a role in mediating fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. It binds to the neurotransmitter glutamate initiating a conformation change that opens an ion channel permeable to sodium and to a lesser extent calcium ions. GluA1 has a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa. This receptor is expressed in various regions of the brain including the hippocampus cerebral cortex and cerebellum which are critical areas for memory and learning.

Biological function summary

The receptor facilitates communication between neurons by allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane leading to excitatory postsynaptic potentials. It often exists as a tetrameric complex with other AMPA receptor subunits such as GluA2 and GluA3 allowing for diverse combinations that affect the receptor's permeability and kinetics. These receptors are pivotal in synaptic plasticity which underlies learning and memory processes.

Pathways

AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 to GluA4 participate significantly in the long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway and synaptic plasticity. The LTP pathway is essential for strengthening synapses in the hippocampus. The interaction of the AMPA receptor with NMDA receptors and other proteins like stargazin and PSD-95 is important in regulating synaptic strength and plasticity. GluA receptors integrate into intricate networks modulating neuronal response to synaptic inputs.

GluA1 appears relevant to conditions like epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The dysregulation of AMPA receptors including GluA1 is linked to excessive excitatory signaling contributing to seizure activity and synaptic dysfunction. In Alzheimer's altered AMPA receptor trafficking and expression relate to cognitive decline. The interaction with NMDA receptors further connects these conditions via disrupted calcium signaling and excitotoxicity which are common pathological features.