tBuBHQ (BHQ), Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Estrogen Receptor also known as ER is a group of proteins with a mass around 66 kDa mainly expressed in reproductive tissues like the ovary uterus and also in breast tissue. Mechanically ER binds estrogen hormones acting as a transcription factor to regulate gene expression. Androgen Receptor (AR) with a mass of approximately 110 kDa shares similar functionality in its response to androgens being key in male reproductive tissues. Aromatase plays a pivotal role by converting androgens into estrogens influencing the action of both ER and AR. Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (RARα) which forms complexes with Retinoid X Receptor alpha (RXRA) responds to retinoic acids to regulate gene expression. Other important targets include TRPC4 a channel protein involved in calcium transport and PXR which mediates the body's response to xenobiotics.

Biological function summary

These proteins participate in essential signaling pathways and maintain physiological balance. ER and AR influence cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues including cancerous cells by modulating gene networks. RARα and RXRA act together to affect processes like embryonic development and immune regulation. TDP1 primarily repairs damaged DNA while ROR gamma expressed in immune cells modulates inflammation and autoimmunity. The collective action of these proteins supports cellular processes including hormonal synthesis and calcium homeostasis with TRPC4 being integral for calcium signaling in cells.

Pathways

These targets are embedded in key biological pathways. ER and AR are critical components of the steroid hormone signaling pathway impacting gene regulatory networks through interaction with other signaling proteins. RARα with RXRA contributes to the retinoic acid signaling pathway important for regulating gene expression during development. Aromatase activity directly links to steroid biosynthesis affecting hormone-driven pathways. BHQ a compound that acts on calcium ATPase influences intracellular calcium levels interacting with endoplasmic reticulum components.

These proteins show significant implications. ER and AR are heavily implicated in cancers such as breast and prostate cancer respectively making them targets for cancer therapy. Aromatase is important in estrogen-related disorders like aromatase excess syndrome. ROR gamma has links to autoimmune diseases with its role in immune cell differentiation being critical. By modulating these proteins and their pathways therapeutic interventions aim to manage diseases by targeting specific molecular mechanisms involved.