Terfenadine, K+ channel blocker. H1 antagonist.

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

MTOR also known as mechanistic target of rapamycin is a protein kinase involved in cell growth proliferation and survival. Expressed in various tissues including the brain skeletal muscles and liver mTOR functions as part of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. The protein itself has a molecular mass of about 289 kDa and acts as an important regulator of cell metabolism responding to nutrients growth factors and energy status.

Biological function summary

MTOR influences cellular processes like protein synthesis autophagy and lipid metabolism. It forms the core of two distinct complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 each with unique substrates and functions. In mTORC1 mTOR regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key downstream effectors like 4E-BP1 and S6K1. Meanwhile mTORC2 primarily influences cell survival and cytoskeletal reorganization. Its expression profile makes it an essential player in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Pathways

The mTOR signaling pathway is pivotal in integrating environmental signals to dictate cell fate. It interfaces with the PI3K/AKT pathway where mTORC1 receives upstream signals from AKT influencing protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Concurrently mTORC2 phosphorylates AKT at a different site further potentiating signal transduction for cell survival. Other proteins within these pathways include TSC2 and Rheb which modulate mTOR activity in response to intracellular signals.

Abnormalities in mTOR signaling have connections with cancer and metabolic diseases. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 is often observed in various cancers such as breast and colon cancer due to its role in promoting cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulated mTOR activity also relates to metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes characterized by impaired insulin signaling. In these contexts mTOR acts alongside other proteins like PTEN and LKB1 which function as tumor suppressors and metabolic regulators.