TWS119, GSK-3beta inhibitor

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta or GSK3 beta is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates various cellular processes. It is also referred to as GSK3B and has a molecular weight of approximately 47 kilodaltons (kDa). This enzyme is widely expressed in many tissues with notably high expression levels in the brain. Mechanically GSK3 beta phosphorylates target proteins affecting their activity stability and interactions with other proteins.

Biological function summary

As an important regulatory protein GSK3 beta plays a role in multiple cellular functions including metabolism cell cycle and cell signaling. It often interacts with components in signaling complexes and modulates the activity of these complexes involving phosphorylation. It is involved in the regulation of transcription factors such as c-Myc and β-catenin influencing cell fate and survival. This ability to modulate diverse functions highlights GSK3 beta's importance in cellular regulation.

Pathways

GSK3 beta participates in significant signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin and insulin signaling pathways. In the Wnt pathway GSK3 beta phosphorylates β-catenin marking it for degradation which regulates gene transcription. In insulin signaling it interacts with proteins like AKT to mediate glycogen synthesis. These interactions highlight its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance.

GSK3 beta has implications in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. It is associated with tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. In diabetes its role in insulin signaling impacts glucose metabolism. Further GSK3 beta's dysfunction relates to disrupted signaling related to these conditions positioning it as a potential therapeutic target.