MW 342.4 Da. K-Cl co-transporter KCC2 inhibitor (IC50 = 560 nM for K+ uptake assay in KCC2-overexpressing cells). Also inhibits hERG and L-type Ca2+ channels.
BSC, BSC2, Basolateral Na-K-Cl symporter, Bumetanide-sensitive sodium-(potassium)-chloride cotransporter 1, Electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransporter 2, Erythroid K Cl cotransporter 2, Furosemide sensitive K Cl cotransporter, K-Cl cotransporter 2, KIAA1176, MGC104233, Neuronal K-Cl cotransporter, PPP1R141, Potassium Chloride Cotransporter, Potassium chloride transporter 5, Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 141, S12A2_HUMAN, S12A5_HUMAN, SLC12A5, Slc12a2, Solute carrier family 12 (potassium chloride transporter) member 5, Solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 2, Solute carrier family 12 member 2, Solute carrier family 12 member 5, hKCC2, mBSC2, rKCC2, sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1, solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters) member 2, sy-ns
MW 342.4 Da. K-Cl co-transporter KCC2 inhibitor (IC50 = 560 nM for K+ uptake assay in KCC2-overexpressing cells). Also inhibits hERG and L-type Ca2+ channels.
Soluble in DMSO up to 100mM.
Soluble in ethanol to 25mM.
K-Cl co-transporter KCC2 inhibitor (IC50 = 560 nM for K+ uptake assay in KCC2-overexpressing cells). Also inhibits hERG and L-type Ca2+ channels.
KCC2 also known as the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 is a membrane transport protein encoded by the SLC12A5 gene. NKCC1 known as the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 is encoded by the SLC12A2 gene. KCC2 is around 130 kDa and is highly expressed in neurons within the central nervous system. In contrast NKCC1 is about 121 kDa and found in various tissues including the brain kidneys and intestines. Mechanically KCC2 exports K+ and Cl- ions out of neurons while NKCC1 imports Na+ K+ and Cl- ions into cells. Together these transporters maintain the ionic balance and contribute to volume regulation and neuronal function.
KCC2 and NKCC1 manage the chloride ion concentration across the cell membrane. This regulation directly influences the inhibitory action of GABAergic neurotransmission. KCC2 decreases intracellular chloride promoting hyperpolarization and enhancing inhibitory signals. NKCC1 usually increases chloride concentration which can make inhibitory signals less effective. Both proteins are not part of larger complexes but have important roles in cellular ion balance.
KCC2 and NKCC1 play roles in cellular ionic homeostasis and signal transmission in neuronal pathways. They are key components in the GABAergic pathway affecting neuronal excitability. NKCC1 alongside proteins like the WNK kinases adds to the dynamic regulation of chloride levels affecting neuron response to excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters. In contrast KCC2 enhances the hyperpolarizing effects of GABA ultimately stabilizing neuronal circuits and contributing to processes like neural development.
Both KCC2 and NKCC1 are associated with neurological conditions. Abnormalities in KCC2 expression link to epilepsy where reduced transporter activity may lead to increased neuronal excitability. The NKCC1 transporter may contribute to conditions such as hypertension seen in the cellular deregulation of ion transport. In epilepsy other proteins like GABA receptors may interact with KCC2 influencing disease severity. In the case of hypertension NKCC1 interacts with other ion transport proteins affecting salt and water retention.
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