Human GSN knockout U-87 MG cell line

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Gelsolin is a multifunctional actin-binding protein that exists in two main isoforms: cytoplasmic and plasma. It has a molecular mass of approximately 82 kDa. Gelsolin is expressed in a wide range of tissues including muscle epithelial and nerve cells. The protein's main mechanical function involves severing actin filaments which helps to regulate actin polymerization and depolymerization. Researchers sometimes refer to gelsolin as 'GSN'. The presence of the protein helps maintain the dynamic organization of the cytoskeleton by interacting with actin filaments.

Biological function summary

This protein acts in cell movement apoptosis and signal transduction. Gelsolin contributes to the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by promoting the disassembly of actin filaments allowing cells to change shape and move. Although it operates independently gelsolin’s activity can be influenced by calcium ions and phosphoinositides leading to its participation in various cellular activities. Gelsolin plays a role in platelet activation and may regulate cellular responses through association with the cytoskeletal complex.

Pathways

Gelsolin participates in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and apoptotic pathways. Within these pathways gelsolin interacts with proteins like cofilin to modulate actin filament dynamics. In apoptotic pathways it collaborates by altering the cytoskeletal architecture impacting cell death mechanisms. Gelsolin modifications in these pathways have implications for cellular processes like cell migration and apoptosis bringing it into relation with proteins such as caspases.

Associated diseases and disorders

Gelsolin is linked to conditions such as gelsolin amyloidosis and cancer metastasis. Gelsolin amyloidosis results from mutations in the gelsolin gene which lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils causing dysfunction in nerves eyes and skin. In cancer altered gelsolin expression can influence tumor progression and metastasis through its role in cell motility. Related proteins such as actin and caspases could also play a part in these conditions either through direct interaction or through pathways in which gelsolin functions.