Human MMP9 knockout U-87 MG cell line

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The MMP-9 protein also known as matrix metalloproteinase-9 or gelatinase B functions as an enzyme involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins. It consists of a zinc ion at its active site and facilitates the degradation of type IV and V collagens fibronectin and elastin. MMP-9 has a molecular weight of approximately 92 kDa and is expressed in a variety of tissues including the liver lungs and immune cells. This enzyme can exist in monomer and dimer forms with its activity regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

Biological function summary

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 profoundly influences tissue remodeling inflammation and angiogenesis. It does not form part of a larger protein complex but interacts closely with substrates in the extracellular matrix. MMP-9 plays important roles in processes such as embryogenesis reproduction and wound healing through the remodeling of surrounding tissues. The MMP-9 protein is often measured using assays like ELISA or analyzed via techniques such as Western blotting to determine its expression levels and activity in different biological contexts.

Pathways

MMP-9 participates in the matrix metalloproteinase pathway and the NF-kB signaling pathway. These pathways are essential in orchestrating processes such as tissue remodeling and inflammatory responses. MMP-9 acts alongside other matrix metalloproteinases including MMP-2 and is regulated by factors like cytokines growth factors and hormones ensuring the precision of extracellular matrix degradation during physiological processes.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 has associations with cancer invasion and metastasis as well as chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. In cancer upregulated MMP-9 expression aids tumor cells in breaching the basement membrane facilitating metastasis. The disorder-associated pathways often involve interactions with proteins like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Understanding MMP-9's role in these conditions can contribute to developing targeted therapies that inhibit its activity potentially mitigating disease progression.