ADAR1 overexpression 293T lysate (whole cell)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

ADAR1 also known as RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 or ADAR is an enzyme with a mass of approximately 150 kDa. This protein targets double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and acts mechanistically to convert adenosine to inosine in pre-mRNA sequences a process known as A-to-I RNA editing. ADAR1 is expressed in numerous tissues with high levels in the brain liver and lungs. Its localization within cells can vary often found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm which influences its function.

Biological function summary

ADAR1 plays a role in the regulation of RNA molecules affecting their stability and translation. It is linked to the editosome complex working alongside other proteins to perform RNA editing tasks. By modifying the coding potential of mRNAs ADAR1 contributes to the diversity of proteomes and helps manage the responses to viral RNAs giving the immune system tools to recognize endogenous and exogenous RNA.

Pathways

ADAR1 is significant in the interferon signaling pathway and RNA processing pathways. It operates in coordination with proteins like PKR which is involved in the response to viral infections. ADAR1 ensures that the immune response is not directed against the self highlighting its role in the regulation of the innate immune system. These pathways are critical in maintaining homeostasis and preventing unchecked immune responses.

Mutations or dysregulation of ADAR1 have associations with autoimmune diseases like Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and certain cancers. The enzyme's role in editing RNA makes it essential in preventing inappropriate immune attacks against the body's own cells highlighting its interaction with MDA5 another protein involved in immune regulation. Understanding ADAR1 and its related pathways may offer potential therapeutic targets for these conditions including exploration into ADAR1 inhibitors as interventions.