ATF2 overexpression 293T lysate (whole cell)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The ATF2 protein also referred to as ATF-2 or activating transcription factor 2 plays a significant role as a transcription factor in cellular processes. It weighs approximately 75 kDa and is expressed in many tissues with higher levels in the brain heart and skeletal muscle. Functionally ATF2 belongs to the leucine zipper family of proteins facilitating its ability to bind DNA and regulate the expression of genes involved in stress responses development and growth.

Biological function summary

ATF2 takes part in the regulation of gene expression in response to various stimuli. It often forms a complex with other proteins such as c-Jun when binding to the DNA. This complex then influences the transcription of genes that respond to cellular stress and DNA damage. By phosphorylating specific serine residues cellular kinases activate ATF2 which then translocates to the nucleus where it exerts its function.

Pathways

ATF2 integrates into the MAPK and JNK signaling cascades which are important for transmitting stress signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Through these pathways ATF2 interacts with proteins such as JNK and p38 MAPK modulating the transcription of downstream genes that control cell proliferation apoptosis and differentiation. Its role in these pathways positions ATF2 as a critical node where various signaling inputs merge to influence cellular outcomes.

ATF2 has associations with conditions such as cancer and neurological disorders. Aberrant regulation of ATF2 can contribute to oncogenesis by affecting cell cycle control and apoptosis. For example in melanoma altered ATF2 activity is linked to tumor progression and resistance to apoptosis. Additionally in neurological disorders its interaction with proteins like phospho-c-Jun influences neuronal survival and plasticity implicating ATF2 in pathologies related to neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction.