Human ATP5G3 knockout HEK-293T cell lysate

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

ATP5G3 also known as ATP synthase F0 subunit C3 or mitochondrial ATP synthase membrane subunit C locus 3 is a component of the ATP synthase complex. This protein has an approximate mass of 8.2 kDa. It is expressed in many tissues with high levels observed in metabolically active organs such as the heart liver and skeletal muscle. The primary role of ATP5G3 involves contributing to the formation of the proton channel in the mitochondrial membrane which is essential for ATP synthesis during cellular respiration.

Biological function summary

ATP5G3 plays an important role in the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex also referred to as Complex V part of the electron transport chain. This complex catalyzes the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP using the proton gradient established by the complexes I-IV. ATP5G3 through its mechanical function helps maintain the efficiency of ATP production within cells. Its operation is important for cellular energy supply supporting processes like muscle contraction and biosynthetic reactions.

Pathways

ATP5G3 integrates into the oxidative phosphorylation pathway where it interacts with other subunits of the ATP synthase complex to ensure ATP synthesis. This pathway coordinates with the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) which generates the electrons used to establish the proton gradient necessary for ATP production. Proteins such as cytochrome c and NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) connect with ATP5G3 through their roles in the electron transport chain creating a streamlined flow of electron transfer and energy conversion.

Dysregulation of ATP5G3 can contribute to conditions like mitochondrial myopathy and Leigh syndrome where impaired ATP synthesis leads to reduced cellular energy output. Mitochondrial dysfunctions with ATP5G3 at the center often relate to oxidative stress and metabolic imbalances. Connections with cytochrome c and other electron transport components illustrate the broader impact of ATP5G3 disruptions leading to the progression of these diseases through compromised cellular respiration and energy homeostasis.